Notes in g. Embryology: Neurulation

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Published	07/28/2024	The {{c1::notochord}} initiates the process of neural plate folding via secretion of {{c2::Shh}} which causes differential expression of {{c…
Published	07/28/2024	The green cells seen on the border of the neural plate during neural tube folding will become what structure after completion of the neural tube?
Published	07/28/2024	How are the lower sacral and coccygeal regions of the neural tube formed?
Published	07/28/2024	Failure for the anterior neuropore to close results in {{c1::anencephaly}}
Published	07/28/2024	Failure of the posterior neuropore to close results in {{c1::spina bifida}}
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::spina bifida occulta}} is a defect of the transverse process which form vertebral arches in closing that is covered by skin and does not involve…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Spina bifida aperta}} is a defect where the meninges or meninges and neural tissue protrude through the vertebral arches
Published	07/28/2024	The form of spina bifida aperta that occurs when only the meninges protrude through the vertebral arches is called a {{c1::meningoecele}}
Published	07/28/2024	The form of spina bifida aperta that occurs when both the meninges and neural tissue protrude through the vertebral arches is called a {{c1::myel…
Published	07/28/2024	The junction between primary and secondary neurulation is common site for {{c1::spina bifida}} to be observed
Published	07/28/2024	The vertebral column lengthens {{c1::faster}} than the spinal chord
Published	07/28/2024	A {{c1::tethered cord}} can occur when a piece of the spinal chord is stuck to the spine, which can produce {{c2::hydrocephalus}} which occu…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c3::Arnold-Chiari Malformations}} are caused by a {{c1::tethered cord}} causing herniation of the cerebellum and medulla and obstruction of the…
Published	07/28/2024	Neurons migrate from the neural tube by traveling {{c1::radially}} along glial fibers and in an {{c2::inside-out}} fashion starting in the e…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Primary microencephaly}} is caused by the failure of {{c2::cell migration}} in the brain, resulting in a {{c1::small}} brain and head circu…
Published	07/28/2024	Dorsal-ventral patterning of the CNS is established by secreted signaling molecules particularly {{c1::Shh}} from the {{c2::notochord}}
Published	07/28/2024	Shh concentration are observed to be higher near the {{c1::ventral}} side of the embryo
Published	07/28/2024	Bmp Wnt tend to be higher near the {{c1::dorsal}} side of the embryo
Published	07/28/2024	The {{c1::neural crest}} is a transient population of stem cells and restricted progenitors that migrate extensively and give rise to many divers…
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Published	07/28/2024	The {{c1::cranial}} neural crest gives rise to bones, cartilage, nerves and connective tissue of the head
Published	07/28/2024	Cleft lips/palates are caused by defects in the {{c1::cranial neural crest}}
Published	07/28/2024	The {{c1::cardiac}} neural crest gives rise to the smooth muscle of the arteries of the aortic arch and the outflow tract
Published	07/28/2024	Aganglionic megacolon is caused by failure in the development of the {{c1::vagal}} neural crests
Published	07/28/2024	The {{c1::trunk}} neural crest gives rise to the sympathatic and parasympathetic nervous systems, melanocytes, and chromaffin cells
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Neuroblastomas}} are the most common extra-cranial solid cancer in children and the most common tumor in infants, they arise within the {{c…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Neurofibromatosis}} is caused by a mutation in the NF-1 gene which causes the over proliferation of {{c2::neural crest cells}} which drives…
Published	07/28/2024	Neuroblastomas, neurofibromatosis, and Waardenburg syndrome are examples of {{c1::neurocristopathies}} which are neural crest defects
Published	07/28/2024	CNS is sensitive to developing teratogens as a result of toxic exposure, death, or regulation {{c1::throughout}} development whereas other organ syste…
Published	07/28/2024	The three steps in the formation of the primitive nervous system include {{c1::induction, neurulation, and patterning}}
Published	07/28/2024	Describe formation of neural plate
Published	07/28/2024	Defects of neural tube closure defects include?
Published	07/28/2024	Neural crest cells form {{c1::many different}} cell types in both the {{c1::mesoderm and ectoderm}}
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