Notes in ACMS 2024 Pharmacology

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/28/2024	Study of effects of drugs in living systems
Published	08/28/2024	1st local anesthetic
Published	08/28/2024	Who first said that disease is an abnormal reaction to the body?
Published	08/28/2024	What postulated the idea of mixing lots of drugs together hoping that one will help cure the ailment?
Published	08/28/2024	What treats the patient which sometimes resulted in over-treating the patient to the point of progressing ailment?
Published	08/28/2024	What ideology postulated that sometimes the body can heal itself and that medication is not needed?
Published	08/28/2024	What idea believed that dilution of a drug increased its effectiveness?
Published	08/28/2024	Adverse effects that occur at therapeutic doses?
Published	08/28/2024	Adverse effect that usually occurs at higher doses
Published	08/28/2024	Adverse effects that are unpredictable or unusual
Published	08/28/2024	Adverse effects that include allergic reactions (an immune reaction to a drug)
Published	08/28/2024	Adverse effects that are result in death
Published	08/28/2024	Adverse effects that are unrelated to pharmacological effect
Published	08/28/2024	4 Goals of Drug Therapy
Published	08/28/2024	How the body handles the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)"What the body does to the drug"
Published	08/28/2024	Interactions of a drug and biological system (mechanism, effects)"What the drug does to the body"
Published	08/28/2024	What is the link between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?
Published	08/28/2024	Three primary processes of pharmacokinetics
Published	08/28/2024	Application of knowledge of pharmacology and disease to best prevent, manage, or cure a disease
Published	08/28/2024	MEC
Published	08/28/2024	Drug concentrations above the minium effective concentration but lower than toxic levels
Published	08/28/2024	What does a Time Action Curve display?
Published	08/28/2024	What is the difference between the blue and orange lines?
Published	08/28/2024	Routes of administration are broken down into 2 main categories
Published	08/28/2024	Oral route of administration
Published	08/28/2024	Two types of enteral-related routes of administration
Published	08/28/2024	Sublingual route of administration
Published	08/28/2024	Rectal route of administration
Published	08/28/2024	These routes of administration involve the small intestine
Published	08/28/2024	These routes of administration do not involve the small intestine
Published	08/28/2024	Three types of parenteral routes of administration
Published	08/28/2024	Respiratory (Inhalation) route of administration
Published	08/28/2024	Intravenous (IV) route of administration
Published	08/28/2024	Intramuscular (IM) route of administration
Published	08/28/2024	Subcutaneous route of administration
Published	08/28/2024	Transdermal route of administration
Published	08/28/2024	Types of solid dosage forms
Published	08/28/2024	Types of liquid dosage forms
Published	08/28/2024	Types of gaseous or volatile liquid dosage forms
Published	08/28/2024	What makes elixirs and syrups different from other liquid dosage forms?
Published	08/28/2024	Movement of drug from site of administration to circulation
Published	08/28/2024	Two most popular mechanisms of drug absorption
Published	08/28/2024	Factors influencing passive absorption
Published	08/28/2024	To increase the rate of drug absorption using passive absorption, one could:
Published	08/28/2024	Is the first-pass effect present in oral or IV route of administration?
Published	08/28/2024	Many drugs are ______________
Published	08/28/2024	For weak acids,
Published	08/28/2024	For weak bases,
Published	08/28/2024	To cross a membrane, a drug must be ionized or non-ionized?
Published	08/28/2024	Does a drug cross membranes if it is ionized?
Published	08/28/2024	What is the ratio of non-ionized to ionized aspirin (pKa=3.4) in small intestine with a pH=5.4?
Published	08/28/2024	Allows drugs to be trapped in certain compartments based on ionization level
Published	08/28/2024	General rules for oral absorption of weak acids
Published	08/28/2024	General rules for oral absorption of weak bases
Published	08/28/2024	General rules for oral absorption of charged molecules
Published	08/28/2024	General rules for oral absorption of neutral molecules
Published	08/28/2024	Two reasons drugs are mainly absorbed by the small intestine
Published	08/28/2024	Fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation (measurement: under blood concentration curve)
Published	08/28/2024	Drugs with the same bioavailability, time to peak height, peak height concentration and AUC
Published	08/28/2024	What factors does drug distribution depend on?
Published	08/28/2024	If a drug has a high affinity for plasma proteins, some will bind and some will remain unbound. Which molecules are the active drug?
Published	08/28/2024	How could one compensate for a drug that has a high binding affinity for plasma proteins?
Published	08/28/2024	Do lipid-soluble or water-soluble molecules easily cross the blood brain barrier?
Published	08/28/2024	The rate of distribution of drugs to specific tissues ... (choose the correct answer)A. is independent of blood flow to the organB. depends on unbound…
Published	08/28/2024	3 processes to terminate the action of drugs
Published	08/28/2024	Movement of drug away from site of action to other tissues for storage
Published	08/28/2024	Interaction of a drug with the biological system, causing ANY chemical change in the drug
Published	08/28/2024	The purpose of drug metabolism is to:
Published	08/28/2024	Are all drugs inactived following metabolism?
Published	08/28/2024	Metabolic Reactions are broken up into two main categories
Published	08/28/2024	Phase 1 Metabolic Reactions
Published	08/28/2024	Phase 2 Metabolic Reactions
Published	08/28/2024	Major site of drug metabolism
Published	08/28/2024	First Pass Metabolism
Published	08/28/2024	What is required for enzymes in the Drug Metabolizing Microsomal System (DMMS)?
Published	08/28/2024	Cytochrome P450 is a single/family of molecules
Published	08/28/2024	Factors influencing drug metabolism:
Published	08/28/2024	Which of the following is a phase 2 metabolic reaction?A. AcetylationB. Aluphatic hydroxylationC. DeaminationD. HydrolysisE. O-dealkylation
Published	08/28/2024	Routes of drug excretion
Published	08/28/2024	Why can the Breathalyzer be used to test blood alcohol content (BAC) in the legal field?
Published	08/28/2024	4 routes of drug excretion from kidney
Published	08/28/2024	Biliary excretion
Published	08/28/2024	Enterohepatic recirculation
Published	08/28/2024	Factors altering rate of elimination
Published	08/28/2024	First order kinetic rate or elimination
Published	08/28/2024	Zero order kinetics rate of elimination
Published	08/28/2024	Time it takes to remove 50% of the drug from the bloodstream
Published	08/28/2024	Rate at which the drug is removed from the bloodstream
Published	08/28/2024	Steady State
Published	08/28/2024	Describe signifcance of 4.3 in steady state calculation
Published	08/28/2024	A patient enters the emergency room having taken an overdose of phenobarbital. The drug is a weak acid with a pKa=7.2.The pH of his urine is 5.2. How …
Published	08/28/2024	A patient enters the emergency room having taken an overdose of phenobarbital. The drug is a weak acid with a pKa=7.2.The pH of his urine is 5.2. How …
Published	08/28/2024	A patient enters the emergency room having taken an overdose of phenobarbital. The drug is a weak acid with a pKa=7.2.The pH of his urine is 7.2. How …
Published	08/28/2024	Flow of drug excretion in glomerular filtration
Published	08/28/2024	Flow of drug excretion during active tubular secretion
Published	08/28/2024	Flow of drug excretion in active tubular reabsorption
Published	08/28/2024	Flow of drug excretion in passive reabosorption
Status	Last Update	Fields