Notes in 05 Staphylococci

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Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococci are gram ({{c1::+}}), {{c1::non-m::non-m/m}}otile, {{c1::non-s::non-s/s}}pore forming, and {{c1::a::ana/a}}erobic
Published	07/30/2024	Are staphylococci part of the normal human microbiota?{{c1::Y::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococcus Optimum Temperature for Growth: {{c1::37}} C
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococcus Optimum Temperature for Pigmentation: {{c1::20-25}} CS. aureus makes {{c1::gray-deep golden brown or yellow::color}} colonies. Other sp…
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococcus can form {{c1::small colony variants::colony adaptation}} to survive and persist in infections
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Peptidoglycan::Staphylococcus Antigenic Factors}} - Anchors adhesins, Elicits IL-1, Complement activation, and PMN attraction
Published	07/30/2024	Teichoic acid is made of polymers of {{c1::polyribitol-phosphate}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Antiteichoic acids::Staphylococcus Antigenic Factors}} may be found in patients with active endocarditis
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Protein A and Clumping Factor::Staphylococcus Antigenic Factors}} - Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules (MSC…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Protein A::Staphylococcus Antigenic Factors}} - Attaches to the F{{c2::c::c/ab}} portion of Ig{{c2::G}} to allow evasion of the immune resp…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Clumping Factor::Staphylococcus Antigenic Factors}} - Binds to fibrinogen and platelets for bacterial aggregation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Capsule}} - This Staphylococcal Antigenic factor Inhibits Phagocytosis and has {{c2::11}} Serotypes
Published	07/30/2024	Capsule Serotypes {{c1::5 and 8}} are most responsible for Staphylococcus infections
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hyaluronidase or Spreading Factor::Staphylococcus Enzyme/Toxin}} - Aka Staphylokinase and results in fibrinolysis
Published	07/30/2024	Hemolysins of Staphylococcus{{c1::α hemolysinΒ toxinð toxinγ hemolysin}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Β toxin::Staphylococcus Enzyme/Toxin}} - Degrades sphingomyelin
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::ð toxin::Staphylococcus Enzyme/Toxin}} - Implicated in Staphylococcal diarrheal diseases
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::γ hemolysin::Staphylococcus Enzyme/Toxin}} - Forms a six potential two-component toxin that lyses WBCs and releases of inflammatory me…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::γ hemolysin::Staphylococcus Enzyme/Toxin}} - Composed of {{c2::S and F}} proteins
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Panton-Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL)::Staphylococcus Enzyme/Toxin}} - Encoded by a mobile phage
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Exfoliative toxin A and B::Staphylococcus Enzyme/Toxin}} - Dissolves the epidermal mucopolysaccharide matrix → Desquamation causing {{c2::S…
Published	07/30/2024	Exfoliative toxin A is mediated by a {{c1::eta on a phage::phage/plasmid}}
Published	07/30/2024	Exfoliative toxin B is mediated by a {{c1::plasmid::phage/plasmid}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Heat stability1. Exfoliative toxin A2. Exfoliative toxin B{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Superantigens of Staphylococcus{{c1::Exfoliative ToxinEnterotoxins (A-E, G-P)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin - I is also Enterotoxin {{c1::F}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin - I::Staphylococcus Enzyme/Toxin}} - Associated with tampon use
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Enterotoxin B::Staphylococcus Enzyme/Toxin}} - Causes projectile vomiting and diarrhea because of CN X irritation
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococcus has {{c1::15::n}} enterotoxins
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococcus Enterotoxins are heat {{c1::stable::stable/labile}}
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococcus Prototype lesion is the {{c1::furuncle or localized abscess w/ central liquefactive necrosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Where can Staphylococcus go after suppuration and dissemination?{{c1::Bacteremia, endocarditis, acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, meningitis, pulmonar…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Toxic Shock Syndrome}} - Abrupt onset of fever, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgias, {{c1::scarlatiniform}} rash, hypotension, cardiac and renal failur…
Published	07/30/2024	Where do you collect TSS-associated Staphylococcus aureus in a px?{{c1::vagina, on tampons, wound or localized infections but never in the bloods…
Published	07/30/2024	Stapylococcus aureus Infection Clinical Findings:{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	Stapylococcus epidermidis Infection Clinical Findings:{{c1::Biofilms on orthopedic or CVD prosthesis or diseases in immunocompromised px}}
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococcus saprophyticus Infection Clinical Findings:{{c1::UTI in young women}}
Published	07/30/2024	Stapylococcus lugdunensis Infection Clinical Findings:{{c1::Similar to skin and soft tissue infections of Staphylococcus aureus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococcus resistance to the following antibiotics is plasmid mediated{{c1::Penicillins (Beta-lactams)TetracyclinesErythromycin (Macrolide)Aminogl…
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococcus resistance to Nafcillin/Methicillin/Oxacillin mediated by {{c1::staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::mecA and mecC}} genes encode a low affinity PBP2a for Staphylococcus
Published	07/30/2024	Community-Acquired MRSA manifests the most with I2 SCCmec Type {{c1::IV}}
Published	07/30/2024	Livestock-Acquired MRSA manifests the most with I2 SCCmec Type {{c1::IX and X}}
Published	07/30/2024	Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)Vancomycin-Sensitive S. aureus: {{c1::≤2}} ug/mLVancomycin-Intermediate S. aureus: {{c1::4-8}} ug…
Published	07/30/2024	How does S. aureus become resistant to Vancomycin?{{c1::Van A gene. Increased cell wall synthesis and cell wall alterations causes its resis…
Published	07/30/2024	What should you see in a Staphylococcus smear?{{c1::Gram-positive cocci in clusters}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hemolysis (+) Staphylococci are {{c1::aureus and lugdunensis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hemolysis (-) Staphylococci are {{c1::epidermidis and saprophyticus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Staphylococci are catalase ({{c1::+}})
Published	07/30/2024	The only coagulase (+) Staphylococcus is {{c1::aureus}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)::agar}} can be used to differentiate CHO-fermenting Staphylococcus and it is normally color {{c1::red-pink}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the MSA culture is yellow, the specimen is Staphylococcus {{c1::aureus but saprophyticus could variably ferment too::aureus/epi…
Published	07/30/2024	If the MSA culture is red, the specimen is Staphylococcus {{c1::epidermidis::aureus/epidermidis}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Novobiocin-resistance}} test is a disk diffusion test used to test between Staphylococcus {{c2::saprophyticus}…
Published	07/30/2024	Novobiocin-resistance testStaphylococcus {{c1::saprophyticus}} is novobiocin-resistant Staphylococcus {{c1::epidermidis}} is …
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Nitrocefin disk (Cefinase)}} test is a disk diffusion test used to test Staphylococcal resistance to {{c3::penicillin G:…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Cefoxitin disk}} test is a disk diffusion test used to test Staphylococcal resistance to {{c3::Nafcillin, Oxacillin, and…
Published	07/30/2024	MRSA is resistant to all extended spectrum penicillins, carbapenems, and cephalosporins except {{c1::ceftaroline}}
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