Notes in 13HematologicDiseases

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13.1HematologicDiseasesSlides

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Published	07/30/2024	WHO DEFINITION OF ANEMIA GroupHemogobin Infants and Children, 6 Months to 6 Years<{{c1::11.0}}Pregnant Females…
Published	07/30/2024	CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA BY PATHOPHYSIOLOGYProduction DefectStudy the pathophysiology {{c1::Proliferation}} DefectAnemia of chronic d…
Published	07/30/2024	CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA BY PATHOPHYSIOLOGYProduction DefectStudy the pathophysiology {{c1::Maturation}} DefectVitamin B12 deficiency…
Published	07/30/2024	CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA BY PATHOPHYSIOLOGYSurvival DefectStudy the pathophysiology {{c1::Hemolysis}}HemoglobinopathiesImmune hemolyt…
Published	07/30/2024	What condition is described? Cell size: macrocytic cellsReticulocyte count: lowHypersegmented neutrophils: present {{c1::Megalobastic anemia…
Published	07/30/2024	What condition is described? Cell size: macrocytic cellsReticulocyte count: lowHypersegmented neutrophils: absent {{c1::Probable myelodyspla…
Published	07/30/2024	What condition is described? Cell size: macrocytic cellsReticulocyte count: High {{c1::Hemolysis or Hemolytic reactionREAD EXTRA}}
Published	07/30/2024	A low reticulocyte count may probably be due to {{c1::B12 or folate}} deficiency.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Vitamin B12::Vit. B12 or Folate}} takes longer to get a deficiency
Published	07/30/2024	HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAPeripheral smear: {{c2::Schistocytes}}Bilirubin: {{c2::Normal to increased}}Haptoglobin: {{c2::Decreased or absent}}Urine hemoglobin (…
Published	07/30/2024	HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAPeripheral smear: {{c2::Spherocytes, spur cells, bite cells, etc}}Bilirubin: {{c2::Increased, especially indirect}}Haptoglobin: {{c2::…
Published	07/30/2024	Transfusion reaction due to ABO group: {{c1::Intravascular::Intravascular/Extravascular}} Hemolysis
Published	07/30/2024	Transfusion reaction due to RH group: {{c1::Extravascular::Intravascular/Extravascular}} Hemolysis
Published	07/30/2024	Know the pathophysiologyCan I ask Blythe to be my girlfriend? {{c1::Yes::Yes/No}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hairy Cell Leukemia}} is an uncommon form of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma with massive {{c2::splenomegaly and marrow failure (pancytopenia)}} and cells …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)::Leukemia}} is the most common of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Published	07/30/2024	PLASMA CELL DYSCRASIAS {{c1::Multiple myeloma}} or plasma cell myeloma Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia {{c2::Heavy chain disease}} (Prolifera…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Polycythemia Vera::myeloproliferative disorder}} is the domination of erythrocytic precursors
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Essential Thrombocythemia::myeloproliferative disorder}} is the domination of thrombocytic precursors.Normal platelet count on a peripheral smea…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Primary myelofibrosis::myeloproliferative disorder}} is initially {{c2::hypercellular}} in multiple lineages and gradually becomes markedly {{c2…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Myelodysplastic Syndrome::condition}}: Bone marrow disorders with dysplastic changes of cells in the myeloid series, diagnosed using {{c2::perip…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Myeloperoxidase Deficiency}} causes a defect in pathway required for generation of free radicalsDiagnosis: {{c2::MPO}} staining of freshly prepa…
Published	07/30/2024	Disorders of Platelet {{c2::Aggregation}}:{{c1::Glanzmann thrombasthenia}}{{c1::Hereditary afibrinogenemia}}Acquired defects of platelet {{c2::aggrega…
Published	07/30/2024	Disorders of Platelet {{c2::Release/Secretion}}:Storage Pool Diseases:{{c1::Dense (delta) granule deficiencies (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Chediak-Hig…
Published	07/30/2024	Read upJack Ma {{c1::awatan}}
Published	07/30/2024	Know the pathophysiology insteadI don't care what they say. {{c1::I'm in love with you}}
Published	07/30/2024	Know the pathophysiology insteadYou make me feel special. {{c1::세상이 아무리 날 주저앉혀도}}
Published	07/30/2024	Thrombocytopenic conditions due to Decreased Survival Time{{c1::Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome::HUS}}{{c1::Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation::DIC}}{{c…
Published	07/30/2024	Thrombocytopenic conditions due to Increased Platelet Sequestration by Spleen:{{c1::Gaucher disease}}{{c1::Myelofibrosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW): {{c1::11.5 to 14.5}}%
Published	07/30/2024	Normocytic RBCs will have a MCV of {{c1::80-100}} fL
Published	07/30/2024	Microcytic RBCs are are usually {{c1::either normo or hypochromic::hyper/normo/hypochromic}}
Published	07/30/2024	Macrocytic RBCs are are usually {{c1::normochromic::hyper/normo/hypochromic}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clinical conditions with {{c2::micro}}cytic RBCs include:{{c1::Iron deficiency anemiaThalassemiaSideroblastic anemiaLead poisoning}}Bonus: Which of th…
Published	07/30/2024	Clinical conditions with macrocytic RBCs include:{{c1::Liver diseaseMegaloblastic anemiasMyelodysplastic syndromeChemotherapy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clinical conditions with {{c2::normo}}cytic and {{c2::normo}}chromic RBCs include:{{c1::Acute blood lossHemolytic anemiaAplastic anemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Red Blood Cell Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): {{c1::31 to 36}}%Central pallor does not exceed {{c2::1/3}} of the red ce…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Polychromatophilic}} RBCs contain residual RNA which stains diffusely blue when stained with supravital dye or methylene blue dye
Published	07/30/2024	Dual populations of cells indicate {{c1::dimorphic}} anemia
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Acanthocytic (Spur Cells)}} RBCs are spherical and have 3-12 spicules of uneven length and width around the surfaceThese are usually present in …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Echinocytic (Burr Cells)}} RBCs have evenly distributed short spicules with blunt ends. It may look similar to a {{c3::crenated}} RBCThese are u…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Spherocytic}} RBCs are round with no central pallor and once called {{c4::hyperchromic}}.These are usually present in {{c2::Hereditary spherocyt…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Stomatocytic}} RBCs have a slit-like area of central pallorThese are usually present in {{c2::Liver pathologies (alcoholism, obstructive liver, …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Spherocytic}} RBCs have a notably low surface:volume ratio
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Codocytic}} RBCs have a notably high surface:volume ratio
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Codocytic (Target Cell)}} RBCs are bell-shaped witha  central area of hemoglobin, a clear ring, then a peripheral ring of hemoglobin. Looks…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dacrocytic (Teardrop Cell)}} RBCs are teardrop/pear-shaped with a notable blunt pointed projectionThese are usually present in {{c2::Extramedull…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Schistocytic (Schizocyte)}} RBCs are helmet-shaped damaged with irregular shapes or even just fragmentsThese are usually present in {{c2::Microa…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Drepanocytic (Sickle Cell)}} RBCs are elongated due to polymers of abnormal hemoglobin. Immediately eaten by the spleenThese are usually present…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Acanthocytes::cell shape}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Echinocyte (Burr Cell)::cell shape}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Spherocyte::cell shape}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Stomatocyte::cell shape}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Codocyte (Target Cell)::cell shape}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dacrocyte (Teardrop Cell)::cell shape}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Schistocyte (Schizocyte)::cell shape}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Drepanocyte (Sickle Cell)::cell shape}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Howell-Jolly Body}} RBC inclusions are round fragments of reddish-blue-purple nucleus DNAThese are usually present in {{c2::Megaloblastic anemia…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cabot Ring}} RBC inclusions are red-violet oval or figure eight-shaped inclusions that consist of nuclear remnants or part of the mitotic spindl…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Basophilic Stippling (Punctate Basophilia)}} RBC inclusions are coarse, deep blue irregularly aggregated or clumped ribosomes/mitochondria/sider…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Heinz Body}} RBC inclusions are round, refractile inclusions found on the periphery of the cell when stained with a supravital dye that consists…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hemoglobin C Crystal}} RBC inclusions are hexagonal, rod-shaped inclusions with blunt ends that stain very dark and form within the cell membran…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hemoglobin SC Crystal}} RBC inclusions are darkly stained condensed hemoglobin that may be straight with parallel sides and a blunt protruding e…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pappenheimer Body}} RBC inclusions are small, irregular, pale blue-to-dark-staining granules smaller than howell-jolly bodies usually found on t…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rouleaux formations}} are short or long stacks of RBCs (three or four or more) resembling coins. Often a blue-staining background is also p…
Published	07/30/2024	We use the following tests when hyporegenerative microcytic anemia is seen:Serum FerritinSerum iron% Transferrin saturationWhen these tests are low: {…
Published	07/30/2024	Following are the tests for Hyper-regenerative microcytic anemia:{{c1::Direct antiglobulin test/Coombs testPLEASE READ EXTRA}}
Published	07/30/2024	We use the direct antiglobulin test/Coombs test when hyporegenerative microcytic anemia is seenWhen this test is +: {{c1::Immune Hemolytic Anemia…
Published	07/30/2024	The first test to request for anemia is always the {{c1::reticulocyte count}}
Published	07/30/2024	If you have normocytic anemia w/ a normal reticulocyte count, suspect the following:{{c1::Anemia of chronic diseaseEarly iron deficiency (manifestatio…
Published	07/30/2024	If you have normocytic anemia w/ a low number of WBC and platelets, suspect the following:{{c1::Multiple cytopenia (bone marrow problem)PLEASE READ EX…
Published	07/30/2024	If you have normocytic anemia w/ an increased reticulocyte count, suspect the following:{{c1::HemolysisPLEASE READ EXTRA}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pelger-Huët Anomalies and Pseudo-Pelger-Huët-Anomalies}} are morphological abnormalities of neutrophils where there are decreased nuclear segmen…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Alder-Reilly Anomalies}} are morphological abnormalities of neutrophils where there are granulocytes contain large, darkly staining metachromati…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Chédiak-Higashi Disease}} is a morphological abnormality of neutrophils where there are giant lysosomal azurophilic granules in granulocytes, mo…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::May-Hegglin Anomalies}} are morphological abnormalities of neutrophils where there is thrombocytopenia, giant platelets, and large Döhle body-li…
Published	07/30/2024	Most morphologic abnormalities in neutrophils are either asymptomatic or manifestations depend on the underlying condition.However, {{c1::Chédiak-Higa…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Toxic granulations}} are reactive morphologic changes in neutrophils that are dark, blue-black cytoplasmic granules that form in response to inf…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Dohle Bodies}} are reactive morphologic changes in neutrophils that are pale blue round or elongated cytoplasmic bodies 1 - 5 mm in diameter tha…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cytoplasmic vacuolation}} are reactive morphologic changes in neutrophils that are small-large circular clear areas in cytoplasm that form …
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)}}, there is normal morphology of neutrophils but...Mutation(s) in NADPH oxidase complexes genes leads def…
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::Leukocyte Adhesion Disorder/Deficiency-I (LAD-I)}}, there is normal morphology of neutrophils but...Mutation(s) lead to decreased/truncated b…
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::Leukocyte Adhesion Disorder/Deficiency-II (LAD-II)}}, there is normal morphology of neutrophils but...Mutation in 5LC35C1 which codes for a G…
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::Leukocyte Adhesion Disorder/Deficiency-III (LAD-III)}}, there is normal morphology of neutrophils but...Mutation in Kinlin-3 needed for b int…
Published	07/30/2024	When the umbilical cord fails to fall off at around 14th day of life to 3 weeks, you should consider {{c1::Leukocyte Adhesion Disorder-1 (LAD)::condit…
Published	07/30/2024	Know the pathophysiology. It's easy dw hahaSi mark {{c1::tahimik lang}}
Published	07/30/2024	Know the pathophysiology. It's easy dw hahaHeto na'ng ating pinuno {{c1::handa nang magsilbi}}
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Published	07/30/2024	Clinical conditions with {{c2::hypo}}chromic RBCs include:{{c1::Iron deficiency anemiaThalassemiaSideroblastic anemiaMyelodysplastic syndromes}}
Published	07/30/2024	neutrophilic hypersegmentation happens with {{c1::megaloblastic}} anemia
Published	07/30/2024	Following are the tests for Hypo-regenerative microcytic anemia:{{c1::Serum FerritinSerum iron% Transferrin saturationPLEASE READ EXTRA}}
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