Notes in Abdominal Thoracic anatomy

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Published	08/19/2023	The A: {{c1::transpyloric}}, B: {{c2::subcostal}} and C: {{c3::transtubercular}} planes divide the abdomen horizontally into 9 quadrants
Published	08/19/2023	The abdominal regions identified as : D- {{c1::right hypochondriac}} E- {{c3::epigastric}} F- {{c2::left hypochondriac}} G- {{c4::…
Published	08/19/2023	Fibres of {{c1::external oblique}} aponeurosis decussate at the {{c2::linea alba}} and becomes continuous with the aponeurosis fibres of contralateral…
Published	08/19/2023	The muscles of the anteroabdominal wall consist of: (from superficial to deep){{c1::External oblique}}{{c2::internal oblique}}{{c3::transversus a…
Published	08/19/2023	The transpyloric plane passess through:{{c1::L1 vertebrae}}{{c2::pylorus of the stomach}}{{c3::fundus of gallbladder}}{{c4::neck of pancreas }}{{…
Published	08/19/2023	The transpyloric plane is {{c1::midway}} between the {{c2::jugular notch}} and the {{c3::pubic symphysis}}
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c1::inguinal ligament}} is the {{c2::lowest}} part of the aponeurosis of the {{c3::external oblique}}
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c1::mid- inguinal point}} is on the inguinal ligament midway between the {{c2::pubic symphysis}} and the {{c3::ASIS}}
Published	08/19/2023	Lymh Drainage of the anteroabdominal wall:Divided according to the {{c1::transumbilical plane}}Superior to {{c1::transumbilical plane}}: almost all dr…
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c1::inferior epigastric vessels}} begins from the {{c2::external iliac artery}}It pierces through the {{c3::transversalis fascia,}} passing ante…
Published	08/19/2023	The rectus sheath is formed by the {{c1::aponeurosis}} of three flat musclesAnterior wall: formed by {{c1::aponeuroses}} of {{c2::external oblique}} a…
Published	08/19/2023	At the {{c1::arcuate line}}, all aponeuroses move to the {{c2::anterior wall}} of the rectus sheath. There is {{c2::no posterior wall}} of the rectus …
Published	08/19/2023	The rectus sheath contains:{{c1::rectus abdominins}}{{c2::pyramidilis}}{{c3::superior and inferior epigastric vessels}}{{c4::lymphatics}}{{c5::thoraco…
Published	08/19/2023	The layers of the abdminal wall below the umbilicus (from superficial to deep){{c1::skin}}{{c2::Camper fascia}}{{c3::Scarpa fascia}}{{c4::Superficial …
Published	08/19/2023	The abdomen is divided {{c1::vertically}} by the 2 {{c2::midclavicular lines}} which passes through the {{c3::midpoint of the clavicle}}
Published	08/19/2023	The iliohyogastric nerve supplies cutaneously:{{c1::skin over iliac crest}}{{c2::upper inguinal regions}}{{c3::upper part of the buttock}} (behind the…
Published	08/19/2023	The ilioinguinal nerve supplies cutaneously over:{{c1::Skin of lower inguinal region }}{{c2::mons pubis }}{{c3::anterior 1/3 of scrotum}} or…
Published	08/19/2023	Cutaneous nerve supply of the subcostal nerve Lower skin above {{c1::iliac crest}} & {{c2::below umbilicus}}skin of anterior buttock (be…
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c4::anterior aspect of the scrotum i}}s supplied by the {{c2::genitofemoral nerve}} and the {{c3::ilioinguinal nerve}}; at the dermatomal level …
Published	08/19/2023	The level of the umbilicus is supplied dermatomally by {{c1::T10}}
Published	08/19/2023	the {{c1::posterior aspect of the scrotum}} is supplied by the {{c2::perineal branch of the pudendal nerve}} & the {{c3::posterior femoral cutaneo…
Published	08/19/2023	The suprapubic region corresponds to the {{c1::T12}} dermatome
Published	08/19/2023	The anterior wall of the rectus sheath {{c2::above the arcuate line}} is formed by the {{c1::external oblique aponeurosis}} and the {{c3::anterio…
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c2::posterior wall}} of the rectus sheath {{c3::above the level of the costal margin}} is formed by the {{c1::external oblique aponeurosis}…
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c1::posterior wall of the rectus sheath}} between the {{c2::costal and margin}} and the {{c2::arcuate line}} is formed by the {{c3::posterior la…
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c2::lateral thoracic vein}}, {{c3::thoracoepigastric vein}} and the {{c4::superficial epigastric vein}} acts as a communication between the {{c5…
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c1::perforating veins that drain into the paraumbilical veins}} form an {{c2::anastomosis}} between {{c3::veins of the anterior abdominal w…
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c1::linea semilunaris}} is the {{c2::lateral margin of the rectus sheath}}. It extends from the {{c3::pubic tubercle}} to the {{c3::costal margi…
Published	08/19/2023	The lower border of the posterior wall of the rectus sheath is the {{c1::Arcuate line}}
Published	08/19/2023	The external oblique muscle originates from the {{c1::lateral portion of Ribs 5-12}}inserts into the {{c5::linea alba,}} {{c2::pubic tubercle}},&…
Published	08/19/2023	The Internal oblique muscleOriginates from the {{c1::lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament, }}{{c2::anterior 2/3 of intermediate line of iliac cre…
Published	08/19/2023	The transversus abdominis muscleOriginates from {{c1::inner lip anterior 2/3 of iliac crest}}{{c2::lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament}}{{c3::thorac…
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c1::accessory hemiazygos vein}} and {{c2::hemiazygos veins}} join the {{c3::azygos vein}} join at the level of {{c1::T7}} and {{c2::T8}} respect…
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c5::internal intercostal muscle}} consist of a {{c1::muscular}} and {{c2::membranous}} part{{c1::Muscular part-}} from {{c3::sternum}} to {{c3::…
Published	08/19/2023	The muscles of the inner ribs consist of 3 muscles: {{c1::subcostal muscle}}{{c2::innermost intercostal muscle}}{{c3::transversus thoracics}}
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c1::external intercostal muscle}} has muscular and membranous parts muscular part - from {{c2::posterior lamina of superior costo…
Published	08/19/2023	The {{c1::1st & 2nd intercostal arteries}} arises from the {{c4::superior intercostal artery}} (branch of {{c5::costocervical trunk}} of the {{c5:…
Published	08/19/2023	{{c1::Thoracic spinal nerve}} supply{{c1::Thoracic spinal nerves}} supplies to form a {{c2::anterior}} and {{c3::posterior ramus}}{{c2::Anterior ramus…
Published	08/19/2023	What type of diseases are most common in the sigmoid colon?{{c1::Diverticular diseases}}
Published	08/19/2023	At the sigmoid colon, taenia coli are {{c1::wider}}, and spread to cover terminal sigmoid colon with a {{c2::complete::complete/interrupted}} longitud…
Published	08/19/2023	The sigmoid mesocolon reach the midline in front of the {{c1::S3 vertebra}} to begin commencement of the rectum.
Published	08/19/2023	The rectum begins as a continuation of the {{c2::sigmoid colon}} at level of {{c2::S3}}, and follows the posterior concavity of {{c1::sacrum and coccy…
Published	08/19/2023	There are {{c1::3}} transverse folds in the rectum, the {{c2::lateral flexures}} are formed in relation to these folds
Published	08/19/2023	What features can help differentiate the rectum from the rest of the large bowel?The rectum has no {{c1::taenia coli}} and {{c1::appendices epiploicae…
Published	08/19/2023	The upper 1/3 of rectum is covered on the {{c1::anterior and lateral}} aspects by peritoneum, while the middle 1/3 is only covered on the {{c2::anteri…
Published	08/19/2023	A- {{c1::sigmoid colon}}B- {{c2::proximal rectum}}C- {{c3::upper lateral flexure of rectum}}D- {{c4::middle lateral flexure of rectum}}E- {{c5::lower …
Published	08/19/2023	The lateral limb  of the sigmoid mesocolon passes forward along the pelvic brim over {{c1::external iliac vessels}} to midpoint of {{c1::inguinal…
Published	08/19/2023	Mesorectum refers to the {{c1::connective tissue and fat}} around the rectum, which contains {{c2::superior rectal vessels and lymphatics}}.
Published	08/19/2023	{{c2::Mesorectal fascia}} is the visceral fascia surrounding the {{c1::mesorectum}}
Published	08/19/2023	A- {{c1::prostate}}B- {{c2::mesorectal fascia}}C- {{c3::obturator internus}} D- {{c4::rectum}}E- {{c5::mesorectum}}F- {{c6::sacrum}}
Published	08/19/2023	If you performed a rectal examination, what surface of the prostate would you be palpating?{{c1::Posterior}}
Published	08/19/2023	If you performed a rectal examination, what tissues of the prostate would you be palpating?{{c1::Glandular tissue (probably peripheral zone tissue)}}
Published	08/19/2023	A- {{c1::coccyx}}B- {{c2::rectum}}C- {{c3::anococcygeal raphe of iliococcygeus}}D- {{c5::anorectal junction}}E- {{c4::puborectalis muscle}}F- {{c6::de…
Published	08/19/2023	The rectum is supplied by {{c1::3}} arteries- {{c1::superior, middle and inferior rectal artery}}
Published	08/19/2023	The superior rectal artery arises from {{c1::distal IMA}}, divides into 2 branches that descend on either side of rectum, anastamose with ascending br…
Published	08/19/2023	Middle rectal artery arises from anterior division of {{c1::internal iliac artery}}, supplies {{c2::middle and inferior}} part of rectum, anastamoses …
Published	08/19/2023	Inferior rectal artery is the {{c2::terminal}} branch of {{c1::internal pudendal artery}}, supplies {{c3::anorecal junction, anal canal and external a…
Published	08/19/2023	A- {{c1::superior rectal artery}}B- {{c2::superior rectal vein}}C- {{c3::internal iliac artery}}D- {{c4::internal pudendal artery }}E- {{c5::infe…
Published	08/19/2023	The rectum is drained by the {{c3::rectal venous plexus}} which connects with {{c1::vesical plexus}} in males and {{c2::uterovaginal plexus}} in femal…
Published	08/19/2023	A- {{c1::inferior mesentaric vein}}B- {{c2::superior rectal vein}}C- {{c3::internal iliac vein}}D- {{c4::middle rectal vein}}E- {{c5::internal pudenda…
Published	08/19/2023	The conjoint longitudinal coat is a combination of {{c1::striated muscle fibres}} from {{c2::puborectalis and longitudinal outer layer (fibroelastic p…
Published	08/19/2023	The intersphincteric groove is the {{c1::depression in the wall of the anal canal}} between the lower end of the external and internal anal sphincter
Published	08/19/2023	The nerve supply of the internal anal sphincter is {{c1::sympathetic::sympathetic/parasympathetic}} from {{c1::L4-5}} (contraction), {{c2::parasympath…
Published	08/19/2023	The external anal sphincter is supplied by the {{c1::inferior rectal nerve}}, which is a branch of the {{c2::pudendal nerve}}
Published	08/19/2023	Above the pectinate line, epithelium of the anal canal is {{c1::simple columnar}}.
Published	08/19/2023	Below the pectinate line, the pecten is lined with {{c1::non-keratinized stratified squamous}} epithelium with no {{c2::hair follicles, sweat glands}}…
Published	08/19/2023	Below the intersphincteric groove, {{c1::true skin::epithelium}} is present
Published	08/19/2023	Anal cushions are sasses of {{c1::fibroelastic connective tissue}}, {{c1::smooth muscle}}, {{c2::dilated venous spaces}} and {{c2::arteriovenous anast…
Published	08/19/2023	A- {{c1::abdominal aorta}}B- {{c2::common iliac artery}}C- {{c3::external iliac artery}}D- {{c4::internal iliac artery}}E- {{c5::anterior branch of in…
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