Notes in 14 Local Anesthetics

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Published 12/13/2023 In methemoglobin, the iron ion is in the {{c1::Fe3+ (ferric)}} state
Published 12/13/2023 An acid placed in an acidic solution will exist primarily in an {{c1::unionized}} form. 
Published 12/13/2023 At the resting membrane potential, {{c2::K+}} is much (100x) more permeable than Na+ because of the presence of {{c1::leak}} channels. 
Published 12/13/2023 During the {{c1::relative}} refractory period, a stronger than normal stimulus can cause depolarization of a cell. 
Published 12/13/2023 Conduction velocity is increased by {{c1::myelination}} and a {{c2::larger}} fiber diameter. 
Published 12/13/2023 {{c1::C}}-fibers are the {{c2::post}}-ganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system.
Published 12/13/2023 The minimum effective concentration (Cm) of a local anesthetic is higher in nerves with a {{c1::wider}} diameter. 
Published 12/13/2023 Nerve fibers that are more easily blocked by local anesthetics have a {{c1::lower}} Cm (minimum effective concentration). 
Published 12/13/2023 Local anesthetics block action potential propogation by preventing a cell from reaching the {{c1::threshold potential}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 Local anesthetics are packaged in {{c1::acidic::acidic/alkalotic}} solutions to prevent precipitation. 
Published 12/13/2023 What intermediate chain type is this (for local anesthetics)?{{c1::Ester}}
Published 12/13/2023 What intermediate chain type is this (for local anesthetics)?{{c1::Amide}}
Published 12/13/2023 What class of local anesthetics demonstrates cross-sensitivity for allergies?{{c1::Esters}}
Published 12/13/2023 What local anesthetic does not undergo protein binding?{{c1::Chloroprocaine}}
Published 12/13/2023 What organ acts as a reservoir that removes local anesthetic from circulation?{{c1::Lungs}}
Published 12/13/2023 The most frequent symptom of local anesthetic toxicity is {{c1::seizures}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 What plasma concentration of lidocaine is associated with minor CNS effects?{{c1::5-10 mcg/mL}}
Published 12/13/2023 What plasma concentration of lidocaine is associated with hypotension and myocardial depression?{{c1::5-10 mcg/mL}}
Published 12/13/2023 What plasma concentration of lidocaine is associated with seizures and a loss of consciousness?{{c1::10-15 mcg/mL}}
Published 12/13/2023 The first step in the treatment of local anesthetic toxicity (LAST) is to manage the airway, because {{c1::hypoxia}} and {{c1::acidosis}} will worsen …
Published 12/13/2023 In the treatment of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST), seizures should be treated with {{c1::benzodiazepines}} or {{c2::succinylcholine}}.&nbs…
Published 12/13/2023 {{c2::Tumescent}} anesthesia is used primarily for {{c1::liposuction}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 {{c2::Cyanosis}} in the presence of a normal PaO2 is highly suggestive of {{c1::methemoglobinemia}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 The dose of methylene blue for the treatment of methemoglobnemia is {{c1::1}}-{{c1::2}} mg/kg over {{c1::5}} minutes, with a maximum dose of {{c2::7}}…
Published 12/13/2023 5% {{c1::EMLA}} cream is a 50/50 combination of 2.5% {{c2::lidocaine}} and 2.5% {{c2::prilocaine}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 {{c1::Hyaluronidase}} hydrolyzes {{c2::hyaluronic acid}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 Treatment for local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) unresponsive to vasopressors/ACLS/lipid emulsion is {{c1::cardiopulmonary bypass}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 Tumescent anesthesia mixtures are made by mixing lidocaine with {{c1::sodium bicarbonate}}, {{c2::epinephrine}}, and {{c3::normal saline}}. 
Published 12/13/2023 A base placed in a basic solution will exist primarily in an {{c1::unionized}} form. 
Published 12/13/2023 A base placed in an acidic solution will exist primarily in an {{c1::ionized}} form. 
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