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Notes in
14 Local Anesthetics
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angel-freddie-hydrogen-mobile-oklahoma-carolina
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Published
12/13/2023
In methemoglobin, the iron ion is in the {{c1::Fe3+ (ferric)}} state
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12/13/2023
An acid placed in an acidic solution will exist primarily in an {{c1::unionized}} form.
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At the resting membrane potential, {{c2::K+}} is much (100x) more permeable than Na+ because of the presence of {{c1::leak}} channels.
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During the {{c1::relative}} refractory period, a stronger than normal stimulus can cause depolarization of a cell.
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Conduction velocity is increased by {{c1::myelination}} and a {{c2::larger}} fiber diameter.
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{{c1::C}}-fibers are the {{c2::post}}-ganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system.
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The minimum effective concentration (Cm) of a local anesthetic is higher in nerves with a {{c1::wider}} diameter.
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Nerve fibers that are more easily blocked by local anesthetics have a {{c1::lower}} Cm (minimum effective concentration).
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Local anesthetics block action potential propogation by preventing a cell from reaching the {{c1::threshold potential}}.
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Local anesthetics are packaged in {{c1::acidic::acidic/alkalotic}} solutions to prevent precipitation.
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What intermediate chain type is this (for local anesthetics)?{{c1::Ester}}
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What intermediate chain type is this (for local anesthetics)?{{c1::Amide}}
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What class of local anesthetics demonstrates cross-sensitivity for allergies?{{c1::Esters}}
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What local anesthetic does not undergo protein binding?{{c1::Chloroprocaine}}
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What organ acts as a reservoir that removes local anesthetic from circulation?{{c1::Lungs}}
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The most frequent symptom of local anesthetic toxicity is {{c1::seizures}}.
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What plasma concentration of lidocaine is associated with minor CNS effects?{{c1::5-10 mcg/mL}}
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What plasma concentration of lidocaine is associated with hypotension and myocardial depression?{{c1::5-10 mcg/mL}}
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What plasma concentration of lidocaine is associated with seizures and a loss of consciousness?{{c1::10-15 mcg/mL}}
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The first step in the treatment of local anesthetic toxicity (LAST) is to manage the airway, because {{c1::hypoxia}} and {{c1::acidosis}} will worsen …
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In the treatment of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST), seizures should be treated with {{c1::benzodiazepines}} or {{c2::succinylcholine}}.&nbs…
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{{c2::Tumescent}} anesthesia is used primarily for {{c1::liposuction}}.
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{{c2::Cyanosis}} in the presence of a normal PaO2 is highly suggestive of {{c1::methemoglobinemia}}.
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The dose of methylene blue for the treatment of methemoglobnemia is {{c1::1}}-{{c1::2}} mg/kg over {{c1::5}} minutes, with a maximum dose of {{c2::7}}…
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5% {{c1::EMLA}} cream is a 50/50 combination of 2.5% {{c2::lidocaine}} and 2.5% {{c2::prilocaine}}.
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{{c1::Hyaluronidase}} hydrolyzes {{c2::hyaluronic acid}}.
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Treatment for local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) unresponsive to vasopressors/ACLS/lipid emulsion is {{c1::cardiopulmonary bypass}}.
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Tumescent anesthesia mixtures are made by mixing lidocaine with {{c1::sodium bicarbonate}}, {{c2::epinephrine}}, and {{c3::normal saline}}.
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12/13/2023
A base placed in a basic solution will exist primarily in an {{c1::unionized}} form.
Published
12/13/2023
A base placed in an acidic solution will exist primarily in an {{c1::ionized}} form.
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