Notes in 06_Epilepsy and Seizures

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Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Seizure}} is a {{c2::description of symptoms (e.g. jerking) that are caused by transient episodes of abnormal electrical activity in t…
Published	02/10/2024	Seizures are classified according to: {{c1::Origin: focal or generalized}} {{c1::Level of awareness: is the patient aware during the seizure}} {{c1::I…
Published	02/10/2024	Types of Generalised Seizures {{c1::Absence seizures (unresponsive, staring into space, may affect school performance)}} {{c1::Tonic-clonic seizures (…
Published	02/10/2024	Types of Focal Seizures {{c1::Simple partial seizures}} {{c1::Complex partial seizures}} {{c1::Secondary generalised (associated with fall to ground a…
Published	02/10/2024	Risk Factors of Seizures {{c1::Missed medications (most common)}} {{c1::Sleep disturbance and fatigue}} {{c1::Hormonal changes}} {{c1::Drug/alcohol us…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Tonic-clonic seizure}} {{c1::Fall to the ground with rhythmical contraction}} {{c1::May be associated with urinary incontinence}…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Absence seizure}} {{c1::Often in children (unaware of them)}} {{c1::May be provoked by hyperventillation/photic stimulation (lig…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Myoclonic seizure}} {{c1::Quick and repeitive jerking movements of limbs}} {{c1::Consciousness usually retained}}
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Atonic seizure}} {{c1::Sudden drop to the floor}} {{c1::Floppy limbs}} {{c1::May be mistaken for syncope}}
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Frontal lobe seizure}} {{c1::Unusual and can be mistaken for non-epileptic attacks because they look so strange}} {{c1::Brief, b…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Temporal lobe seizure}} {{c1::Deja vu}} {{c1::Sudden arrest of activity}} {{c1::Staring into space}} {{c1::Lip smacking and repe…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Epilepsy}} describes {{c2::a disorder involves a tendency to have seizures}}
Published	02/10/2024	Risk Factors of Epilepsy {{c1::Premature birth}} {{c1::Genetic (e.g. tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis)}} {{c1::Brain development malformations}} …
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Primary generalised epilepsy}} {{c1::Two or more unprovoked seizures}} {{c1::<25 years}} {{c1::Hx of absence and myoclonic as…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Focal/Partial epilepsy}} {{c1::Two or more unprovoked seizures}} {{c1::May be associated with aura and chance of awareness}} {{c…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Temporal lobe epilepsy}} {{c1::Deja vu}} {{c1::Epigastric rising +/- impaired awareness}} {{c1::May become generalised (tonic-cl…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy}} {{c1::Tonic-clonic}} {{c1::Absence and early-morning myoclonic seizures}} {{c1::Photosensitive}} {…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Infantile spasms epilepsy}} {{c1::3-12 months}} {{c1::Violent spasms of the head, trunk, and limbs}} {{c1::Developmental regress…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Childhood absence epilepsy}} {{c1::4-12 years}} {{c1::Unresponsive for 30 seconds}} {{c1::Stares into space}} {{c1::May have eye…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Status epilepticus}} is {{c2::defined as generalised convulsive or non-convulsive seizures going on for 5 minutes or more either continuously or…
Published	02/10/2024	Risk factors of Status Epilepticus {{c1::Non-adherence to treatment}} {{c1::Chronic alcoholism}} {{c1::Refractory epilepsy}} {{c1::Toxic or metabolic …
Published	02/10/2024	Assessment of Seizures In a First seizure clinic or A&E {{c1::History (Patient, Eyewitness)}} {{c1::ECG (exclude any heart problems)}} {{c1::Blood…
Published	02/10/2024	First line Treatment of Primary Generalised Seizures {{c1::Sodium Valproate}} {{c1::Lamotrigine}} {{c1::Levetiracetam}}
Published	02/10/2024	First line Treatment of Focal/Partial SeizuresRemembered as {{c1::FoCaL}} {{c1::C = Carbamazepine}} {{c1::L = Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam}}
Published	02/10/2024	First line Treatment of Absence Seizure {{c1::Ethosuximide}} {{c1::Valproate}}
Published	02/10/2024	Second line Treatment of Primary Generalised Seizures {{c1::Topiramate}} {{c1::Zonisamide (avoid carbamazepine)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Second line Treatment of Focal/Partial Seizures {{c1::Sodium valproate}} {{c1::Topiramate}}
Published	02/10/2024	A side effect of {{c1::Sodium valproate}}, an epilepsy medication, is {{c2::teratogenicity}} so patients need advice about contraception
Published	02/10/2024	A side effect of {{c1::Carbamazepine}}, an epilepsy medication, is {{c2::hyponatraemia}} so patients need regular U&Es
Published	02/10/2024	A side effect of {{c1::Lamotrigine}}, an epilepsy medication, is {{c2::skin rash (SJS and TEN)}} so patients need regular skin care
Published	02/10/2024	First line Treatment of Status Epilepticus{{c1::Benzodiazepines e.g. Midazolam or Lorazepam (buccal or intra-nasal)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Second line Treatment of Status Epilepticus {{c1::Valproate}}{{c1::Levetiracetam}}
Published	02/10/2024	Third line Treatment of Status Epilepticus{{c1::Anaesthesia usually with propofol or thiopentone}}
Published	02/10/2024	Concerning DVLA, typically licenses are revoked for {{c1::6 months}} after an unprovoked seizure or {{c1::12 months}} from the last seizure in patient…
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