Notes in OG8.3 Uterine Malignancy

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Published	10/04/2024	{{c1::Endometrial cancer}} is the most common gynaecological malignancy in women
Published	10/04/2024	Most common presenting symptom of endometrial cancer → {{c1::postmenopausal bleeding}}
Published	10/04/2024	Most endometrial carciomas are {{c1::adenocarcinomas (60%)::type }}
Published	10/04/2024	The most common method of spread for endometrial carcinoma is {{c1::direct}}
Published	10/04/2024	Endometrial carcinoma can spread directly through the myometrium to {{c1::serosa}} or down to the {{c1::cervix }}
Published	10/04/2024	Lymphatic spread of endometrial carcinoma goes to {{c1::pelvic }}, {{c1::para-aortic }} and rarely {{c1::inguinal }}&nbs…
Published	10/04/2024	Rarely, endometrial carcinoma can spread hematoginously to {{c1::lungs }}, {{c1::liver }}, {{c1::brain }} and {{c1:…
Published	10/04/2024	If the thickness of the endometrium is ≤ {{c1::5 mm}}, and the ovaries appear normal, the probability of endometrial cancer is low
Published	10/04/2024	FIGO Stage I endometrial carcinoma → {{c1::Tumor confined to the uterus}}Has a {{c1::80}}% 5-year survival rate
Published	10/04/2024	FIGO Stage II endometrial carcinoma → {{c1::Confined to uterus and cervix, but not beyond}}Has a {{c1::65}}% 5-year survival rate
Published	10/04/2024	FIGO Stage III endometrial carcinoma → {{c1::Spread outside uterus but confined to true pelvis (serosa, adnexa, vagina, pelvic and/or para-aortic…
Published	10/04/2024	FIGO Stage IV endometrial carcinoma → {{c1::Tumor invasion into bladder and/or bowel mucosa, distant metastases}}Has a {{c1::10}}% 5-year surviva…
Published	10/04/2024	The standard procedure for endometrial carcinoma is {{c1::total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoopherectomy ± lymph node s…
Published	10/04/2024	Most common area for endometrial carcinoma recurrence is the {{c1::vaginal cuff }}
Published	10/04/2024	Treatment by stageStage 1 = {{c1::surgery +/- radiotherapy}} Stage 2 = {{c1::Surgery}} + {{c1::radiotherapy}}Stage 3 = {{c1::Surgery}} + {{c1::chemoth…
Published	10/04/2024	{{c1::80}}% of uterine cancer in postmenopausal women
Published	10/04/2024	Pathophysiology of endometrial cancer = {{c1::stimulation of endometrium by estrogen without the protective effect of progesterone -> endometrial h…
Published	10/04/2024	Risk factors for endometrial cancer{{c1::obesity}}{{c1::nulliparity}}{{c1::early menarche}}{{c1::late menopause}}{{c1::exogenous unopposed estrogen th…
Published	10/04/2024	Atypical endometrial hyperplasia = precancerous and develops into invasive cancer in {{c1::10-50::range}}% over 20 years
Published	10/04/2024	{{c1::simple}} endometrial hyperplasia = most common, at either end of reproductive lifecycle, no cytological atypia{{c1::complex}} endometrial h…
Published	10/04/2024	Atypical endometrial hyperplasia treated with {{c1::total abdominal or laparoscopic hysterectomy with BSO}}OR{{c1::Mirena}} if unsuitable for surgery …
Published	10/04/2024	Simple and complex endometrial hyperplasia treated with {{c1::Mirena}} or {{c1::cyclical progestogens}} with {{c1::repeat biopsy after 6 months}}
Published	10/04/2024	Investigations for endometrial cancer{{c1::TVUS: endometrial thickness > 4 mm, fluid in endometrial cavity, polyps}}Biopsy: if in clinic -> {{c1…
Published	10/04/2024	Histological Grading of Endometrial CarcinomaGrade 1: < {{c1::5}}% solid, well-differentiatedGrade 2: {{c1::6-50::range}}% solid, moderately differ…
Published	10/04/2024	Follow-up after treatment for endometrial cancer{{c1::6}} weeks post-opevery {{c1::4}} months for {{c1::2}} yearsevery year until {{c1::5}} years
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