Notes in genitourinary

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	12/13/2024	Hypospadias is due to failure of {{c1::urethral folds}} to close
Published	12/13/2024	One precursor lesion of {{c1::penile SCC}} is {{c3::Erythroplasia of Queyrat}}, which is the in situ carcinoma of the {{c2::glans}} of the penis that …
Published	12/13/2024	One precursor lesion of {{c1::penile SCC}} is {{c3::Bowenoid papulosis}}, which is an in situ carcinoma of the penis that presents as {{c2::reddish pa…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Sertoli cell}} tumor is a testicular sex cord stromal tumor comprised of tubules, usually clinically silent
Published	12/13/2024	What type of lymphoma is usually the cause of testicular cancer in older men?{{c1::diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (aggressive)}}
Published	12/13/2024	The {{c1::posterior}} aspect of prostate is palpable by digital rectal exam (DRE)
Published	12/13/2024	A patient with acute prostatitis may have a tender, '{{c1::boggy}}' prostate on DRE
Published	12/13/2024	Benign prostatic hyperplasia may present with hypertrophy of bladder wall smooth muscle with increased risk for {{c1::diverticulum}} formation
Published	12/13/2024	One possible complication of benign prostatic hyperplasia is {{c1::hydronephrosis}}, due to backup of fluid into the kidney
Published	12/13/2024	Screening for prostatic adenocarcinoma begins at 50 with {{c1::digital rectal exam}} and {{c1::PSA}}
Published	12/13/2024	The Gleason grading system (for prostatic adenocarcinoma) is based on {{c1::architecture}}, not {{c1::nuclear atypia}}
Published	12/13/2024	Prostatic adenocarcinoma may be treated with {{c1::GnRH}} analogs (e.g. leuprolide) and/or {{c1::androgen}} receptor inhibitors (e.g. flutamide)
Published	12/13/2024	3 features that are {{c1::specific}} to prostate adenocarcinoma are?1. {{c2::Perineural invasion}}.2. {{c3::Mucinous fibroplasia}}.3. {{c4::Glomeruloi…
Published	12/13/2024	What important finding is seen on the prostate biopsy slide?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the Gleason pattern for this prostate biopsy specimen?How can you tell?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the Gleason pattern for this prostate biopsy specimen?How can you tell?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the Gleason pattern for this prostate biopsy specimen?How can you tell?
Published	12/13/2024	Features of {{c1::prognostic}} importance for prostate adenocarcinoma that should be reported are:1. {{c2::Gleason score}}.2. {{c3::Number of cor…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the diagnosis for the following prostate biopsy?
Published	12/13/2024	Microscopic features of high-grade {{c1::prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia}} include:1. {{c2::Large}} glands with {{c3::papillary or micropapi…
Published	12/13/2024	Prostatic {{c1::adenosis}} is a {{c2::proliferation of glands}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Mimickers of prostate cancer include:1. {{c1::Adenosis, sclerosing adenosis}}.2. {{c2::Atrophy}}.3. {{c3::Radiation changes}}.4. {{c4::Basal cell hype…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the diagnosis for the following finding on prostate biopsy?
Published	12/13/2024	-> = {{c1::Von Brunn's nest (benign invagination of urothelium into lamina propria)}}.* = {{c2::Cystitis cystica (dilated central lumen)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Urothelial neoplasms are categorized by cancer pathway as:1. {{c1::Flat}}.2. {{c2::Papillary}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for the following bladder biopsy?
Published	12/13/2024	For papillary neoplasias of the urothelium, {{c1::non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma}} is synonymous wiht {{c2::carcinoma in situ}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Resection of a renal mass shows the following. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Published	12/13/2024	Resection of a renal mass shows the following. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Published	12/13/2024	The 2 major classifications of testicular germ cell tumors are:1. {{c1::Seminoma.}}2. {{c1::Non-seminoma.}}
Published	12/13/2024	Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors are:1. {{c1::Family history}}.2. {{c2::Cryptorchidism}}.3. {{c3::Subfertility}}.4. {{c4::Pesticides}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for a testicular mass showing?
Published	12/13/2024	Microscopic features of a seminoma are:1. Architecture -> {{c1::nested architecture separated by fibrois septae with lymphotcytic inflitrate (occas…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for a testicular mass?
Published	12/13/2024	Microscopic features of a embryonal carcinoma are:1. Architecture -> {{c1:: PURPLE lesion with variable nests/sheets/papil…
Published	12/13/2024	Testicular {{c1::sex-cord stromal}} tumors are more common in {{c2::children}} (age group).
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for a testicular child mass in a child?
Published	12/13/2024	Microscopic features of a testicular Leydig cell tumor are:1. Architecture -> {{c1::diffuse growth}}.2. Cells -> {{c2::…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for a child with a testicular mass?
Published	12/13/2024	Microscopic features of a testicular sertoli cell tumor are:1. Architecture -> {{c1::at LEAST focal tubular differentiation, in…
Published	12/13/2024	The major germ cell tumors of the testicle are:1. {{c1::Seminoma}}.2. {{c2::Embryonal carcinoma}}.3. {{c3::Choriocarcinoma}}.4. {{c4::Yolk sac tumor (…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for the following testicular mass?
Published	12/13/2024	Microscopic feature of a testicular embryonal carcinoma include:Architecture -> {{c1::basophilic nests/sheets/papillae/glands}}.Cells -> {{c2::p…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnsosi for the following testicular tumor in a middle-age man?
Published	12/13/2024	The key structure shown for a {{c1::Schiller-Duval body (endodermal sinus)}} and suggests a tesicular {{c2::yolk sac tumor (post-pubert…
Published	12/13/2024	Prostate acinar adenocarcinoma is most commonly located in the {{c1::posterior/posterolateral peripheral}} gland of the prostate.
Published	12/13/2024	The general CAP protocol components for a prostate biopsy for prostate adenocarcinoma include:1. {{c1::Procedure (systematic, targeted, other)}}.2. {{…
Published	12/13/2024	The pT staging for prostatic adenocarcinoma is:1. {{c6::pT2}}: {{c1::Organ confined}},2. {{c6::pT3}}: {{c2::extraprostatic extension subcategory canno…
Published	12/13/2024	What immunohistochemistry stains can be used to help distinguish flat urothelial carcinoma in situ from reactive lesions?1. {{c1::CK20 (full-thickness…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the general differential for non-inverted, hierarchal branching papillary neoplasms with a superficial urothelium?1. {{c1::Urothelial pap…
Published	12/13/2024	Genetic mutations associated with urothelial:{{c1::Papillary neoplasms}} -> {{c2::RAS}}, {{c3::FGFR3}}, {{c4::PI3K}}.{{c5::Flat carcinoma in situ}}…
Published	12/13/2024	Risk factors for bladder cancer are:1. {{c1::Male}} (sex).2. {{c2::Smoking}}.3. {{c3::Industrial exposures (e.g. aryl amines)}}.4. {{c4::Analgesics (a…
Published	12/13/2024	What is general approach to tumors of the urinary bladder?1. {{c1::Urothelial (transitional) tumors}}.2. {{c2::Adenocarcinoma}}.3. {{c3::Squamous cell…
Published	12/13/2024	The major components for the CAP protocol for the examination of carcinomas bladder biopsy and TURBT include:1. {{c1::Procedure}}.2. {{c2::Tumor …
Published	12/13/2024	The most common subtypes of renal cell carcinoma based on histology and (cyto)genetics are (%):1. {{c1::Clear cell RCC}} {{c4::(~75% RCCs)}}.2. {{c2::…
Published	12/13/2024	Renal cell carcinoma most commonly effects the {{c1::poles}} of the kidney (anatomic region).
Published	12/13/2024	The most common genetic abnormalities associated with subtypes of renal cell carcinoma are:1. {{c1::Clear cell RCC}}: {{c2::VHL inactivation (componen…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likey diagnosis for the lesion found in a 70 year-old male?
Published	12/13/2024	What are the corresponding Gleason grades based on Gleason score patterns for adenocarcinoma of the prostate?1. {{c1::<=6}}.2. {{c1::3+4}}.3. {{c1:…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnoses for the circumscribed, mahogany, renal mass?{{c1::Oncoytoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Grading for renal {{c2::clear cell RCCs}} and {{c3::papillary RCCs}} are:1. {{c1::Nucleoli absent/inconspicuous at 400x}}.2. {{c1:…
Published	12/13/2024	Renal mass shows the following histology. What is the most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Fumarate hydratase-deficiency RCC}} (kidney tumor type) is associated with {{c2::hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC}} syndrome.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a {{c3::fumarate hydratase-deficiency RCC}} include:- {{c1::Papillary/tubular}} architecture.- {{c2::Prominent eosino…
Published	12/13/2024	IHC staining for {{c1::succinate dehydrogenase B (SDH-B)}} can confirm the diagnosis succinate dehydrogenase-defficient RCC.
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely diagnosis for the following histology of a renal tumor?{{c1::Acquired cystic disease-associated RCC}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Architectural patterns for prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma of Gleason grade 4 include:1. {{c1::Cribiform}}.2. {{c2::Fused}}.3. {{c3::Poorly formed gla…
Published	12/13/2024	Architectural patterns for prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma of Gleason grade 5 include:1. {{c1::No gland formation}}.2. {{c2::Singl…
Published	12/13/2024	For prostatic adenocarcinoma that is borderline between grade 3 and 4, you should favor {{c1::grade 3.}}
Published	12/13/2024	Extraprostatic extension for prostate cancer should be classified as:- {{c1::Focal: <1 HPF in 1-2 sections}}.- {{c1::Multifocal: >focal}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What are the major diagnostic criteria for prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma?1. {{c1::Irregular architecture}}.2. {{c3::Nuclear atypia}}.3. {{c2::Single…
Published	12/13/2024	Key features of carcinoma in situ of the urothelium include:1. {{c1::Large pleomorphic nuclei (hyperchromasia, irregular contours)}}.2. {{c2::Loss of …
Published	12/13/2024	Urothelium. Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Carcinoma in situ}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Urothelium.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Carcinoma in situ}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Urothelial lesion showing the following respresentative histology.What is the most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Urothelial papilloma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Urothelial lesion showing the following respresentative histology.What is the most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Urothelial papilloma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Urothelial inverted papillomas are most common in {{c1::elderly men}} (patient population) and at the {{c2::bladder neck}} (anatom…
Published	12/13/2024	The {{c1::trigone}} (anatomical region) is the area between the urethra and uretric orfices in the bladder.
Published	12/13/2024	Prostate biopsy shows the following.What is the most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Seminal vesicle}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Testicular histology.What is depicted by arrow 3?{{c1::Leydig cells}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Testicular histology.What is depicted by arrow 1?{{c1::Spermatogonia}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Testicular histology.What is depicted by arrow 2?{{c1::Spermatids}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What organ shows the following histology (be specific)?{{c1::Epididymis}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely differential for a testicular tumor in an infant/child?1. {{c1::Yolk sac tumor}}.2. {{c2::Teratoma, pre-pubertal type}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely differential for a testicular tumor in an young adult/middle-age adult?1. {{c1::Seminoma}}.2. {{c2::Embryonal c…
Published	12/13/2024	What is the most likely differential for a testicular tumor in a {{c5::older adult}}?1. {{c1::Spermatocytic tumor}}.2. {{c2::Lymphoma}}…
Published	12/13/2024	Renal histology shows the following.What obvious diagnosis is observed?{{c1::Simple cyst.- Thin layer of cuboidal cells (NOT clear).- Dilated tubules …
Published	12/13/2024	Renal histology shows the following.What obvious diagnosis is observed?{{c1::Cystic nephroma.- Thin layer of cuboidal cells (NOT clear).- Dilated…
Published	12/13/2024	Renal histology shows the following.What diagnosis is observed?{{c1::Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential.- Cyst lining …
Published	12/13/2024	Renal histology shows the following.What is the most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma.- Papillary architecture with tu…
Published	12/13/2024	The pT 0-1 staging for most bladder cancers is:- {{c1::pT0}}: {{c2::No evidence of primary tumor}}.- {{c1::pTa}}: {{c3::Non-invasive papillary ca…
Published	12/13/2024	The pT 2-4 staging for most bladder cancers is:- {{c1::pT2a}}: Tumor invades superficial muscularis propria (inner half).- {{…
Published	12/13/2024	The pN staging for most bladder cancers is:- {{c1::pN}} = {{c2::Not assigned (no nodes submitted or found)}}. - {{c1::pN0}}: {{c2:…
Published	12/13/2024	For prostate needle biopsy specimens, Gleason score is the sum of the {{c1::primary (most predominant)}} Gleason grade and {{c1::worst …
Published	12/13/2024	For prostate core biopsies with a limited cancer focus (<{{c1::10% involvement of a core}}), grading and reporting of percentage {{c1::Gleason…
Published	12/13/2024	What are the pN classifications for a malignant {{c2::germ cell}} and {{c2::sex cord-stromal tumors}} of the testis?- {{c3::pN}}&n…
Published	12/13/2024	What are the pM classifications for a malignant {{c2::germ cell}} and {{c2::sex cord-stromal tumors}} of the t…
Published	12/13/2024	More aggressive subtypes of urothelial carcinoma include:1. {{c1::Sarcomatoid}}.2. {{c2::Micropapillary}}. 3. {{c3::Plasmacytoid}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The 2 established criteria to indicate that a scar is diagnostic of a regressed germ cell tumor are: 1. {{c1::Scar with associated germ cell neoplasia…
Published	12/13/2024	The pT staging of {{c3::malignant germ cell}} and {{c3::sex-cord stromal tumors}} of the testis are:- {{c1::pT0}}  -> {{c2…
Published	12/13/2024	Prostate core biopsy.Differential and cannot miss diagnosis?1. {{c1::Foamy gland adenocarcinoma}}.2. {{c1::Xanthoma}}.3. {{c1::Cowper's glands}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Prostatectomy.What is the obvious diagnosis?{{c1::Intraductal carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of prostatic {{c3::intraductal carcinoma}} are:1. Architecture of {{c4::solid}}, dense {{c4::cribiform}}, OR loser …
Published	12/13/2024	Prostatectomy.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Cowper's glands}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Prostatectomy.What are the most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Transurethral resection of bladder tumor.Most likely diagnosis (be specific)?{{c1::Invasive urothelial carcinoma, nested}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Cystectomy.Most likely diagnosis (be specific)?{{c1::Invasive urothelial carcinoma, plasmacytoid}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Cystectomy.What is the most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Invasive urothelial carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of urothelial carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like include:1. {{c1::Sheets of undifferentiated pleomorphic syncytial cells}}.2. …
Published	12/13/2024	Bladder resection.Assuming representative of the entire lesion, what is the most likely diangosis? What needs to be ruled out?a) {{c1::Villous adenoma…
Published	12/13/2024	Prostatectomy.Differential? Cannot miss diagnosis?1. {{c1::Basal cell carcinoma}}.2. {{c1::Basal cell hyperplasia}}.3. {{c1::Urothelial carcinoma}}.4.…
Published	12/13/2024	Immunostains for basal cell carcinoma of the prostate are usually:- BCL-2 = {{c1::strongly positive}}.- NKX3.1, PSA = {{c2::negative}}.- HMWK, p63 = {…
Published	12/13/2024	Prostatectomy.Assuming representative sections, what is the most likley diagnosis?{{c1::Clear cell cribiform hyperplasia.- M-L caliber cribriform glan…
Published	12/13/2024	Prostatectomy.Differential Dx?{{c1::1. Adenosis.- Lobular collection of glands admixed with crowded/poorly formed glands and single cells (t…
Published	12/13/2024	Prostatectomy.Differential?1. {{c1::PIN-like prostate adenocarcinoma}}.2. {{c2::Ductal adenocarcinoma}}.3. {{c3::High-grade PIN}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Prostate biopsy.What key feature is shown?{{c1::Mucinous fibroplasia (hyalinzed luminal mucin)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What are the 3 most common subtypes/variants of prostate acinar adenocarcinoma?1. {{c1::Pseudohyperplastic}}.2. {{c2::Atrophic}}.3. {{c3::Foamy gland}…
Published	12/13/2024	Subtypes/variants of prostate acinar adenocarcinoma are:1. {{c1::Foamy gland}}.2. {{c2::Pseudohyperplastic}}.3. {{c3::Atrophic}}.4. {{c4::Microcystic}…
Published	12/13/2024	What subtype of prostate cancer is most likely?{{c1::Microcystic carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What subtype of prostate cancer is most likely?{{c1::Signet-ring cell-like carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What subtype of prostate cancer is most likely?{{c1::Mucinous carcinoma}}
Published	12/13/2024	What immunohistochemistry stain help confirm the diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma?{{c1::PAX8 nuclear positive in adenoma, negative in urothelium}}.
Published	12/13/2024	What should be ruled out in cases of nephrogenic adenoma?{{c1::Prostate cancer}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Bladder resection.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of bladder often has {{c1::inactivation of RB1 gene}} (molecular description).
Published	12/13/2024	Renal excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Metanephric adenoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	The most common cause of metanephric adenomas are {{c1::mutations in BRAF}} (90%, molecular description).
Published	12/13/2024	A metanephric adenoma appears grossly as a {{c1::tan, well-circumscribed nodule}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a metanephric adenoma include:1. {{c1::Basophilic well-circumscribed nodule}} (low magnification).2. {{c4::Small prim…
Published	12/13/2024	Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Oncocytoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Oncocytomas}} are {{c2::benign}} tumors arising from the {{c3::intercalated}} cells of the {{c3::distal tubulues}}…
Published	12/13/2024	Renal mass excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Oncocytoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Bladder resection.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Renal mass excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a {{c5::succinate dehydrogenase-deficient}} renal cell carcinoma include:1. {{c1::Solid sheets}} (architecture).…
Published	12/13/2024	Succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell carcinomas have a {{c1::good}} prognosis and occur due to genetic {{c2::inactivation}}&nbs…
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry supporting the diagnosis of {{c1::succinate dehydrogenase-deficient}} renal cell carcinoma includes:1. PAX8 = {{c2::pos…
Published	12/13/2024	Urethral excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Urethral adenocarcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of urethral adenocarcinoma include: 1. {{c2::Enteric}} adenocarcinoma making it a diagnosis of {{c3::exclusion}}.2. {{c1…
Published	12/13/2024	Urethral adenocarcinoma is {{c1::rare}} malignany arising from the {{c2::urachal remnant}} that most commonly occurs at the b…
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry of urethral adenocarcinoma will show key findings of1. {{c2::CK20}} = {{c1::positive}}.2. {{c2::CDX2}} = {{c1::positive}}.3.…
Published	12/13/2024	Renal lesion.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of tubulocytstic renal cell carcinoma include: 1. Pure {{c3::tubulocystic}} architcture. 2. {{c1::Fibrotic}} stroma.3. {…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Plasmacytoid}} urothelial carcinoma is an {{c3::aggressive}} variant of urothelial carinoma characterized by mutations of the&nbs…
Published	12/13/2024	Key immunohistochemical stains to support a diagnosis of {{c1::plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma}} include:1. {{c2::E-cadherin}} = {{c3::neg…
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma include:1. {{c2::Plasmacytoid}}-appearing cells.2. {{c1::Single cell}} infilration (pa…
Published	12/13/2024	Prostate core biopsies.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma usually occurs in patients with {{c1::treated prostate cancer}} and rarely occurs {{c1::d…
Published	12/13/2024	Penis excisional biopsy.Most likely diagnosis?Rule out?{{c1::Extramammary Pagets disease}}.{{c1::Metastatic urothelial and colorectal carcinoma. Melan…
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a {{c1::yolk sac tumor}} include:1. {{c2::Many different}} patterns/architecture, most common {{c7::reticular/mi…
Published	12/13/2024	Testicular excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Yolk sac tumor}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Prostate core biopsy.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Amyloidosis}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Testicular sampling.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Sertoli only syndrome}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of {{c2::Sertoli only syndrome}} include:1. Seminiferous tubules lined by Sertoli cells without {{c1::germ cells}}.…
Published	12/13/2024	Renal excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a {{c1::multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential}} include:1. Pure {{c2::multiloculated cys…
Published	12/13/2024	Bladder excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Paraganglioma of bladder}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Immunohistochemistry findings that sypport a {{c1::paraganglioma}} of bladder include:1. Positive {{c2::neuroendocrine}} markers ({{c2:…
Published	12/13/2024	A subset of paragangliomas have molecular alterations involving {{c1::SDH}} mutations.
Published	12/13/2024	Urachus excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Urachal carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a urachal carcinoma include:1. Morphologically appears like {{c1::enteric adenocarcinoma (glandular and cribriform glands …
Published	12/13/2024	Urachal carcinoma will have immunohistochemistry findings of:1. {{c1::Positive}}: {{c2::CK20}}, {{c2::CDX2}}.2. {{c1::Negative}}: {{c2::GATA3}} (trans…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Urachal carcinoma}} is a {{c2::rare}} malignancy that is a diagnosis of {{c3::exclusion}} arising from the {{c4::u…
Published	12/13/2024	Tranurethral resection of a bladder tumor.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Nephrogenic adenoma/metaplasia}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a nephrogenic adenoma/metaplasia include:1. Papillary, tubular, tubulocystic, or flat urothelial lesions lined b…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c3::Nephrogenic adenomas/metaplasia}} occurs as a reults of:1. {{c1::Chronic irritation of urothelium with metaplastic change}}.2. OR {{c2::exf…
Published	12/13/2024	Kidney mass excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis}}.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c4::Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis}} is a rare (frequency), severe destructive inflammatory form of {{c1::chronic pyelonephritis}…
Published	12/13/2024	Key immunohistochemistry to support a diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis includes:1. Positive {{c1::histiocytic}} markers ({{c1::CD68}} o…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c2::Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis}} microscopically shows:1. {{c1::Diffuse sheets}} (architecture).2.  {{c3::Foamy histiocytes}}…
Published	12/13/2024	Tranurethral resection of bladder tumor.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Pure urothelial squamous cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Kidney lesion resection.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of papillary renal cell carcinoma include:1. {{c1::Papillary}} or {{c1::tubule}}-{{c1::papillary}} architecture2. Generally {…
Published	12/13/2024	If a kidney tumor that looks like a {{c1::papillary renal cell carcinoma}} is {{c2::<1.5 cm}} in size it is classified as a&nbs…
Published	12/13/2024	Kidney lesion excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a {{c5::mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma}} include (renal tumor):1. {{c1::Tightly packed}}, anastomos…
Published	12/13/2024	Differential for {{c6::basaloid}} primary kidney tumors of ANY age group includes:1. {{c1::Papillary RCC}}.2. {{c2::Tubulocystic RCC}}.3. {{c3::Mucino…
Published	12/13/2024	The expected immunohistochemistry marker panel results for the workup of a basaloid primary kidney tumor expected to be a {{c2::papillary renal c…
Published	12/13/2024	The expected immunohistochemistry marker panel results for the workup of a basaloid primary kidney tumor expected to be a {{c2::metanep…
Published	12/13/2024	The expected immunohistochemistry marker panel results for the workup of a basaloid primary kidney tumor expected to be a {{c2::Wilms t…
Published	12/13/2024	The expected immunohistochemistry marker panel results for the workup of a basaloid primary kidney tumor expected to be a {{c2::mucinou…
Published	12/13/2024	The expected immunohistochemistry marker panel results for the workup of a basaloid primary kidney tumor expected to be a {{c2::tubuloc…
Published	12/13/2024	Differential for {{c6::clear cell}} primary kidney tumors of ANY age group includes:1. {{c1::Clear cell RCC}}.2. {{c2::Clear cell papil…
Published	12/13/2024	Kidney lesion excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma (TFE3 rearranged) includes:1. {{c3::Mixed}} architectural patterns which f…
Published	12/13/2024	MiT family translocation RCC with TFE3 rearrangement is considerably mour common in {{c1::pediatric}} patients (age group; {{c1::40% of…
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a MiT family translocation RCC with TFEB rearrangement include:1. {{c1::Bi}}-phasic tumor.2. {{c2::Nested}} architecture. …
Published	12/13/2024	Kidney lesion excision.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Clear cell papillary renal cell tumor (NOT carcinoma)}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a {{c1::clear cell papillary renal cell tumor}} include (renal tumor):1. Mixed architecture of tubular, cystic, …
Published	12/13/2024	Clear cell papillary renal cell neoplasm is an {{c1::extremely indolent}} neoplasm that {{c2::does NOT}} have chromosome 3p l…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma}} (kidney tumor) that ONLY occurs in patients with {{c2::end-stage renal disas…
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma include:1. Sieve like, papillary, tubular, microcystic, …
Published	12/13/2024	Kidney lesion froma a patient with end-stage renal disease.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of {{c1::fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma}} include (renal tumor):1. Generally {{c2::papillary}}-t…
Published	12/13/2024	Renal lesion in a younger patient.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Primary kidney lesion.Most likely diagnosis?{{c1::SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas have a {{c1::better}} prognosis than clear cell renal cell carcinomas.
Published	12/13/2024	A unique stain, relatively specific to {{c1::chromophobe renal cell carcinomas}} is {{c2::Hale's colloidal iron}}.
Published	12/13/2024	Key microscopic features of a {{c5::chromophobe}} renal cell carcinoma include:1. "{{c1::Plant-like}}" cell membranes.2. {{c4::Clear}}-to-{{…
Published	12/13/2024	Hybrid {{c2::chromophobe RCC}}/{{c2::oncocytoma}} tumors can occur sporadically, but are also seen in {{c1::Birt-Hogg-Dube}} syndr…
Status	Last Update	Fields