Notes in Phar 111 L3

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Published	10/12/2023	the central nervous system is the {{c1::brain and spinal cord }}
Published	10/12/2023	the peripheral nervous system is made up of {{c1::nerves}}
Published	10/12/2023	there are two branches of the peripheral nervous system -- the {{c1::somatic}} and {{c1::autonomic}} nervous system
Published	10/12/2023	describe the somatic nervous system
Published	10/13/2023	describe the autonomic nervous system
Published	10/13/2023	what are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system
Published	10/13/2023	what is the role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Published	10/13/2023	what is the role of the sympathethic division of the autonomic nervous system
Published	10/13/2023	dendrites {{c1::receive info}} from other neurons
Published	10/13/2023	axons are used to {{c1::send signals to other parts of the nervous system}} or to {{c1::control muscles and glands }}
Published	10/13/2023	unipolar neurons can be referred to as {{c1::pseudo unipolar neurons}}they are found in the {{c1::spinal cord}}important for {{c1::sensory}} and {{c1:…
Published	10/13/2023	bipolar neurons are responsible for sensations in the {{c1::eye (detecting light)}} and {{c1::nose (detecting odors)}}
Published	10/13/2023	multipolar neurons are involved in complex processes of the {{c1::brain and spinal cord}}they are found in the {{c1::cortex}}they are responsible for …
Published	10/13/2023	which cells are found in the CNS vs. PNSsatellite cells -- {{c1::PNS}}ependymal cells -- {{c1::CNS}}microglial cells -- {{c1::CNS}}schwann cells -- {{…
Published	10/13/2023	glial cells release {{c1::trophic factors}} which are feed factors for the nervous system
Published	10/13/2023	BDNF is a {{c1::brain derived neurotrophic factor}} that allows neurons to {{c1::thrive and grow}} and allows for {{c1::new connections }}
Published	10/13/2023	oligodendrocytes {{c1::ensheath}} CNS neurons with {{c1::myelin}} by {{c1::wrapping around each axon several times}}.
Published	10/13/2023	Astrocytes - responsible for {{c1::regulating and maintaining extracellular fluid}} around the brain- encloses the {{c1::synapse}} so signaling goes f…
Published	10/13/2023	synaptic pruning is the {{c1::removal of cells before and after birth from the CNS }}this process is done by {{c1::microglial cells }}
Published	10/13/2023	Schwann cells form {{c1::myelin sheaths}} around axons in PNS one schwann cell wraps around a {{c1::portion}} of a cell axon and amother schwann cell …
Published	10/13/2023	saltatory conduction
Published	10/13/2023	the {{c1::larger}} and more {{c1::insulated}} the peripheral nerve fiber, the {{c1::faster}} the conduction in that fiber is
Published	10/13/2023	Aα fibers are important for {{c1::conscious motor movement}} and {{c1::proprioception}} and they are the {{c1::largest}} fiber
Published	10/13/2023	A beta fibers are responsible for {{c1::touch}} and {{c1::pressure}}
Published	10/13/2023	Pain is carried by two fibers -- {{c1::C fibers}} and {{c1::Aα fibers }}C fibers are {{c2::thinner and less insulated}} --> they transmit info…
Published	10/13/2023	Multiple sclerosis is caused by an {{c1::autoimmune}} attack against the {{c1::myelin sheath}}, which results in {{c1::demyelination}}
Published	10/13/2023	demylenation is caused by the loss of {{c1::oligodendrocytes}}
Published	10/13/2023	multiple sclerosis causes {{c1::demyelination}} this results in a lack of {{c1::insulation}}this results in a {{c1::slower action potential …
Published	10/13/2023	multiple sclerosis can cause {{c1::scarring}} that leads to myelin {{c1::degeneration}} and {{c1::loss of axon function }}
Published	10/13/2023
Published	10/13/2023	glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)- caused by {{c1::infection or damage}} that results in {{c1::glial cells proliferating in unwanted areas }} which c…
Published	10/13/2023	the cerebrum (forebrain) contains the {{c1::telencephalon "endbrain"}} and the {{c1::diencephalon "through brain" }}
Published	10/13/2023	the cerebellum "little brain" contains the {{c1::cerebellar cortex and nuclei }}
Published	10/13/2023	the spinal cord contains the {{c1::dorsal, lateral and ventral columns}}
Published	10/13/2023	the brain stem contains the {{c1::midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata }}
Published	10/13/2023
Published	10/13/2023	explain the process of establishing the neural plate and tube1) Fertilization results in a zygote2) the zygote divides to form a {{c1::morula (solid m…
Published	10/13/2023	formation of the neural tube takes {{c1::30 days }}
Published	10/13/2023	during brain development, the brain kinks over due to three types of flexuresat 1 month, there is the {{c1::cephalic}} and {{c1::cervical}} flexureat …
Published	10/13/2023	sections of the neural tube form different parts of the brain and subdividethe forebrain is formed by the {{c1::prosecephalon}} which includes the {{c…
Published	10/13/2023	what are the neural tube defects{{c1::spina bifida}} -- {{c2::failure to close neural tube at the caudal end}}{{c1::anencephaly}} -- {{c2::failure to …
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