Notes in 04b Complications of Pregnancy

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Published	03/14/2024	How is ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?{{c1::Quantitative β-hCGUltrasound::Two diagnostic steps}}
Published	03/14/2024	What is the most common site for an ectopic pregnancy? (specific){{c1::Ampulla of the fallopian tube}}
Published	03/14/2024	{{c1::Ectopic pregnancy}} is the implantation of a fertilized ovum at a site other than uterine wall
Published	03/14/2024	The classic presentation of ectopic pregnancy is {{c1::lower quadrant abdominal}} pain weeks after a missed period (amenorrhea)
Published	03/14/2024	Ectopic pregnancy may present with a(n) {{c2::lower}} than expected rise in the hormone {{c1::hCG}} based on dates
Published	03/14/2024	Major complications of ectopic pregnancy are {{c1::hematosalpinx (bleeding into the fallopian tube)}} and/or {{c1::rupture}}
Published	03/14/2024	Spontaneous abortion is the miscarriage of a fetus before {{c1::13}} weeks gestation
Published	03/14/2024	Placenta {{c1::previa}} is attachment of the placenta to the lower uterine segment over (or < 2 cm from) the {{c2::internal cervical os}}
Published	03/14/2024	Placenta previa presents with painless {{c1::third}} trimester {{c2::bleeding}}
Published	03/14/2024	Risk factors for placenta previa include {{c1::multiparity}} and prior {{c1::C-section}}
Published	03/14/2024	Placental {{c1::abruption}} is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall (decidua) prior to delivery of fetus
Published	03/14/2024	Placental abruption may cause fetal distress and thus a(n) {{c1::still birth}}
Published	03/14/2024	{{c1::Polyhydramnios}} is the presence of too much amniotic fluid and may be associated with fetal malformations (e.g. esophageal or duodenal atresia …
Published	03/14/2024	{{c1::Oligohydramnios}} is too little amniotic fluid, and may be associated with bilateral renal agenesis or posterior urethral valves (males)
Published	03/14/2024	One risk factor for placental abruption is {{c1::trauma}} (e.g. MVA, spouse abuse)
Published	03/14/2024	Placental {{c2::abruption}} may be diagnosed using the {{c1::Kleihauer-Betke}} test, which looks for fetal RBC in the maternal blood
Published	03/14/2024	{{c1::Vasa previa}} is a complication of pregnancy that occurs when fetal vessels run over, or in close proximity to, the {{c2::cervical os}}
Published	03/14/2024	{{c1::Vasa previa}} is a complication of pregnancy that presents with a triad of membrane rupture, painless vaginal bleeding, and fetal bradycardia (&…
Published	03/14/2024	{{c1::Oligohydramnios}} is the presence of too little amniotic fluid and may be associated with placental insufficiency, bilateral renal agenesis, and…
Published	03/14/2024	Risks factors for postpartum psychosis include {{c1::first}} pregnancy, history of bipolar or psychotic disorder, family history, and recent discontin…
Published	03/14/2024	{{c2::Mifepristone}} is an anti-progestin used to terminate pregnancy when combined with {{c1::misoprostol (PGE1 analog)}}
Published	03/14/2024	Which chemotherapeutic drug can be used in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy?{{c1::Methotrexate}}
Published	03/14/2024	Patients in preterm labor at < {{c2::32}} weeks should receive {{c1::magnesium sulfate}} for fetal neuroprotection
Published	03/14/2024	Healthy patients in preterm labor at < {{c2::34}} weeks should receive {{c1::tocolytics}} to postpone delivery
Published	03/14/2024	What type of miscarriage is characterized by vaginal bleeding and a dilated cervical os without expulsion of products of conception?{{c1::Inevitable a…
Published	03/14/2024	What type of miscarriage is characterized by no vaginal bleeding and a closed cervical os with no fetal cardiac activity?{{c1::Missed abortion}}
Published	03/14/2024	Fetal fibronectin is useful for its very high {{c1::negative}} predictive value in assessing for preterm labor
Published	03/14/2024	What pathology can result in individuals with recent abortion that develop fever and foul-smelling vaginal discharge?{{c1::Septic abortion}}
Published	03/14/2024	Treatment of septic abortion includes broad spectrum antibiotics and {{c1::prompt surgical evacuation}}
Published	03/14/2024	When a mom presents with third-trimester bleeding, what is your differential?Painless: {{c1::Placenta previa::most common}}, {{c1::vasa previa}}Painfu…
Published	03/14/2024	How do you manage placental previa?Diagnose: {{c1::ultrasound (transverse lie)}}Treat: {{c1::C-section}}
Published	03/14/2024	Closed cervical os and no parts on ultrasound is suggestive of {{c1::complete abortion::diagnosis}}
Published	03/14/2024	Placental abruption typically presents with a(n) {{c1::abrupt}} onset of {{c3::painful::painless/painful}} vaginal bleeding in the {{c2::third}} trime…
Published	03/14/2024	When is suction curettage indicated for spontaneous abortion?{{c1::Hemodynamically unstable (e.g. hypotensive, tachycardic) patients with anemia from …
Published	03/14/2024	Following uterine evacuation of a spontaneous abortion, all Rh- mothers with Rh+ father/fetus need to be given Rhogam within {{c1::72 hours::how many …
Published	03/14/2024	How do you treat ectopic pregnancy?Unruptured, early: {{c1::methotrexate::medical management}}Unruptured, advanced: {{c1::salpingostomy}}Ruptured: {{c…
Published	03/14/2024	The risk factors associated with placenta previa can be remembered with the mnemonic MMAP:M{{c1::ultiparity}}M{{c1::ultiple gestations}}A{{c1::dvanced…
Published	03/14/2024	Until what gestational age are tocolytics given in the management of preterm labor?{{c1::<34 weeks}}
Published	03/14/2024	Dilated cervix and products of conception not outside uterine cavity is a(n) {{c1::inevitable abortion::condition}}Dilated cervix and products of conc…
Published	03/14/2024	Closed cervix and dead baby on ultrasound is most likely a(n) {{c1::missed abortion::condition}}
Published	03/14/2024	Contractions with cervical changes and gestational age 21- 36 weeks is suggestive of {{c1::preterm labor::diagnosis}}
Published	03/14/2024	Pain{{c1::ful}} bleeding = mum's problems (placental abrUption and Uterine rupture)Pain{{c1::less}} bleeding = baby's problems (placenta previa and va…
Published	03/14/2024	Patients in preterm labor at < {{c2::37}} weeks should receive {{c1::corticosteroids}} to reduce risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Published	03/14/2024	What is the likely diagnosis in a pregnant patient that presents with painless third-trimester bleeding with a normal fetal heart tracing?{{c1::Placen…
Published	03/14/2024	What is the likely diagnosis in a pregnant patient that presents with painless third-trimester bleeding with bradycardia on fetal heart tracing?{{c1::…
Published	03/14/2024	Polyhydramnios is characterized by an amniotic fluid index ≥ {{c1::24}} cm or a single deepest pocket ≥ 8 cm
Published	03/14/2024	Hyperemesis gravidarum is differentiated from typical vomiting of pregnancy by the presence of laboratory abnormalities, changes in volume status, and…
Published	03/14/2024	Pt with polyhydramnios with rapid decompression of uterine cavity due to oxytocin use begins to bleed. Likely dx? {{c1::Placental abruption}}
Published	03/14/2024	Post-term pregnancy (> 41 weeks) and oligohydramnios is managed with {{c1::induce/deliver::next step}}
Published	03/14/2024	Miscarriage and stable vital signs can use misoprostol, surgical management, but also simply {{c1::expectant}} management
Published	03/14/2024	Oligohydramnios is characterized by an amniotic fluid index ≤ {{c1::5}} cm or a single deepest pocket ≤ {{c2::2}} cm
Published	03/14/2024	Preterm labor refers to regular contractions causing cervical dilation and/or effacement at < {{c1::37}} weeks gestation
Published	03/14/2024	What is the pathomechanism for why multiple gestation is a risk factor for hyperemesis gravidarum?{{c1::Elevated hCG → ↑ nauseaElevated progesterone ↑…
Published	03/14/2024	Hyperemesis gravidarum = {{c1::metabolic alkalosis::what pH imbalance will be seen?}}
Published	03/14/2024	At term, what is the most likely cause of new-onset oligohydramnios?{{c1::Spontaneous rupture of membranes}}
Published	03/14/2024	Ectopic pregnancies within the {{c1::isthmus}} have the highest risk of tubal rupture
Published	03/14/2024	Maternal complications associated with placental abruption include {{c1::DIC}} and {{c2::hypovolemic shock}}
Published	03/14/2024	In addition to painful vaginal bleeding, placenta abruption may present with painful, prolonged {{c1::uterine contractions}}
Published	03/14/2024	What is the most common risk factor for placental abruption?{{c1::Hypertension}}
Published	03/14/2024	Polyhydramnios causes the uterus to be {{c1::larger}} than expected for gestational age, whereas oligohydramnios causes the uterus to b…
Published	03/14/2024	What is the first line tocolytic for preterm labor?{{c1::Indomethacin}}
Published	03/14/2024	What are the treatment options for severe cases of polyhydramnios?{{c1::Amnioreduction::procedure}}{{c2::Indomethacin::medication}}
Published	03/14/2024	What type of miscarriage is characterized by vaginal bleeding and a dilated cervical os with expulsion of…
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