Notes in 1 Overview of Respiratory Physiology

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Published	11/18/2024	T/F: There is a change in the fraction of the component gases at high altitude
Published	11/18/2024	T/F: The partial pressure of the gases at high altitude are expected to be lower
Published	11/18/2024	T/F: The fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at an altitude of 5000 meters above sea level is expected to lower than at sea level
Published	11/18/2024	T/F: Humidification of gases leads to a dilution of oxygen as air flows from the atmosphere into the alveoli
Published	11/18/2024	T/F: >98% of O2 is transported by dissolving in plasma or in physical solution
Published	11/18/2024	T/F: An increase in hydrogen ions binding to hemoglobin will result in a shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right
Published	11/18/2024	What are the primary inspiratory muscles?a. Diaphragm and internal intercostalsb. Diaphragm and external intercostalsc. Diaphragm and abdominalisd. In…
Published	11/18/2024	The following is true regarding alveolar ventilation, EXCEPTa. Increase in VdotA is a decrease in PACO2b. Increase in ↑VCO2 is an increase VdotAc. As …
Published	11/18/2024	Which of the following conditions decrease the diffusion rate of gas?a. Thicker membraneb. Increase in surface areac. Both A and Bd. None of the above
Published	11/18/2024	T/F: atmospheric pressure x partial pressure of each gas the total pressure exerted by that gas.
Published	11/18/2024	As altitude increases, the atmospheric pressure decreases, and thus, the partial pressure of individual gases decreases. Alveolar air is completely re…
Published	11/18/2024	What type of cells secrete mucus in the respiratory tract and are attacked by COVID-19?a. Macrophageb. ciliated cellsc. type I alveolar cellsd. type I…
Published	11/18/2024	T/F: In the bronchial circulation, the physiologic shunt causes lower PAO2 compared to PaO2 due to the blood leaving the capillary bed and depositing …
Published	11/18/2024	Alveolar and arterial PCO2 are inversely proportional to alveolar ventilation. Alveolar and arterial PO2 are directly proportional to alveolar ventila…
Published	11/18/2024	The following are true among the structural features that affect the rate of gas diffusion across lung membranes, EXCEPT:a. surface area for exchange:…
Published	11/18/2024	>98% of oxygen is transported by dissolving in plasma or in physical solution. The remaining <2% is transported by binding to hemoglobin.a. Firs…
Published	11/18/2024	An increase in hydrogen ions binding to hemoglobin will result in a shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the:a. Leftb. right
Published	11/18/2024	Effects of hyperventilation and hypoventilation, EXCEPTa. Hyperventilation causes increased alveolar ventilation; hypoventilation causes decreased alv…
Published	11/18/2024	True about Fick’s law of diffusion, EXCEPTa. An increase in pressure difference cause an increase in rate of diffusionb. An increase in surface area c…
Published	11/18/2024	Factors that affect the oxyhemoglobin saturationI. Hydrogen ion concentrationII. Carbon dioxide concentrationIII. TemperatureIV. 2,3-BPG/ 2,3-DPGV. pH…
Published	11/18/2024	Bohr effect vs Haldane effectI. Bohr effect is when the ODC shifts to the right in response to increased blood CO2 levelsII. Bohr effect enhances the …
Published	11/18/2024	The volume you breathe during rest/normally (resting volume)a. Tidal volumeb. Dead space volumec. Alveolar volumed. None of the above
Published	11/18/2024	Low alveolar ventilationI. High dead spaceII. Low PO2III. Low PCO2a. Ib. I, IIc. I, II, IIId. I, III
Published	11/18/2024	Alveolar and arterial PCO2 are inversely proportional to alveolar ventilation. Alveolar and arterial PO2 are directly proportional to alveolar ventila…
Published	11/18/2024	ODC Shift to the right, EXCEPTa. Increased CO2b. Increased pHc. Increased temperatured. Increased 2,3-DPG
Published	11/18/2024	VA is directly related to PAO2 , PcO2 , and PaO2. VA is inversely related to PACO2 , PcCO2 , and PaCO2. The greater the VA, the greater the O2 content…
Published	11/18/2024	Diaphragm is required to contract for inspiration. Diaphragm is required to contract for expiration.a. First is true. Second is false.b. First is fals…
Published	11/18/2024	T/F: Abdominal muscles are also required to contract during passive expiration along with the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.
Published	11/18/2024	What increases during exercise?I. Tidal volumeII. Respiratory rateIII. Stroke volumeIV. Heart rateV. Cardiac outputa. All increasesb. I, II, III, IVc.…
Published	11/18/2024	Volume of air that does not participate in gas exchange or in conducting zonea. Minute ventilationb. Alveolar ventilationc. Pleural ventilationd. Dead…
Published	11/18/2024	Weibel’s model states thata. The increase in PCO2 is inversely proportional to alveolar ventilationb. The increase in PO2 is inversely proportional to…
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