Notes in 02.1 Cultivation & Genetics

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Heat shock response}} - Responsible for how hyperthermophilic organisms survive on high temperatures
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nonsense}} Mutation - base substitution converts an amino acid-producing codon into a stop codon.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Missense}} Mutation - base substitution causes the DNA strand to code for an amino acid that is different from the original.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Frameshift}} Mutation - Caused by addition or deletion of bases on a DNA strand
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1:: Base Substitution}} Mutation - One base is substituted for another
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1:: Transposons and insertion sequence}} - DNA segments that can change positions. Also called "Jumping genes"
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Conjugation}} - Gene transfer controlled by {{c2::F (fertility) plasmid / F Factor}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Transduction}} - Gene transfer of cell DNA by a {{c2::phage}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Transformation}} - Gene transfer of DNA taken up from dying bacteria
Published	07/30/2024	Most organisms can use {{c1::NH3 (ammonia)}} as the sole nitrogen source
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ammonification}} - Production of ammonia from deamination of AA
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Autotrophs}} - Organisms that do not require organic nutrients
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Chemolithotrophs}} - Organisms that use inorganic substrate as carbon source
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Heterotrophs}} - Organisms that require organic carbon for growth
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fastidious}} - Term for organisms that require specific substances to support growth such as blood, protein, salt, or cysteine
Published	07/30/2024	Metabolic processes of bacteria produce {{c1::hydrogen peroxide and superoxide::2 ROS}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Hydrogen Peroxide}} -{{c1::Catalase}}→ {{c2::Water + Oxygen}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Superoxides}} -{{c1::Superoxide Dismutase}}→ {{c2::Hydrogen Peroxide + Oxygen}}
Published	07/30/2024	Obligate aerobes possess {{c1::catalase and superoxide dismutase::ROS inactivating enzymes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Facultative anaerobes possess {{c1::catalase and superoxide dismutase::ROS inactivating enzymes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Microaerophilic organisms possess {{c1::smaller amounts of catalase and superoxide dismutase::ROS inactivating enzymes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Obligate anaerobes possess {{c1::nothing bro::ROS inactivating enzymes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aerotolerant organisms possess {{c1::superoxide dismutase::ROS inactivating enzymes}}
Published	07/30/2024	We use {{c1::semi-solid::liquid/semi-solid/solid}} broth for motility testing
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Enrichment}} media - increase the recovery of certain bacteria in a particular clinical specimen
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Differential}} media - Contains indicators because they will help us classify the particular organism for presumptive identification
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