Notes in 09 Disorders of Basal Ganglia

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	05/10/2024	{{c1::Excitation}} of the globus pallidus internus results in inhibition of the ipsilateral {{c2::ventral lateral (VL)}} nucleus of the thalamus (basa…
Published	05/10/2024	Huntington disease is caused by expanded trinucleotide repeats of CAG in the {{c1::huntingtin}} gene on chromosome {{c2::4}}
Published	05/10/2024	What movement disorders are associated with Huntington disease? {{c1::Chorea}} and {{c2::Athetosis}}
Published	05/10/2024	The onset of Tourette's syndrome symptoms is before age {{c1::18}}
Published	05/10/2024	Chronic levodopa use can cause a "{{c1::wearing-off}} reaction", with akinesia re-emerging at end of each dose
Published	05/10/2024	Chronic levodopa use can cause an "{{c1::on-off}} phenomenon", with periods of akinesia alternating with periods of improved mobility
Published	05/10/2024	Chronic levodopa therapy can cause {{c1::dyskinesias}}, such as choreoathetosis of the face and distal extremities
Published	05/10/2024	Which anti-influenza drug increases dopamine synthesis/release and inhibits reuptake?{{c1::Amantadine}}
Published	05/10/2024	Tourette's syndrome is associated with {{c1::ADHD::condition}} and {{c1::OCD::condition}}
Published	05/10/2024	Childhood onset motor and vocal tics lasting ≥ 1 year is suggestive of {{c1::Tourette's syndrome::condition}}
Published	05/10/2024	First line treatment of Tourette's syndrome is {{c1::VMAT2 inhibitors > atypical antipsychotics}}
Published	05/10/2024	Marked atrophy of the caudate nucleus is seen in {{c1::Huntington disease::condition}}
Published	05/10/2024	{{c1::Huntington Disease}} is a neurological disorder characterized by a classic triad of choreiform movement, dementia/depression, and behavioural ch…
Published	05/10/2024	Patient presents with chorea, dementia, and caudate/putamen degeneration is suggestive of {{c1:: Huntington disease::diagnosis}}
Published	05/10/2024	Which movement disorder presents as a high-frequency tremor with sustained posture (e.g. outstretched arms), often with a family history of tremo…
Published	05/10/2024	Resting tremor = worse at {{c1::rest}}Essential tremor = worse with {{c1::movement}}; hereditary
Published	05/11/2024	What class of diseases is characterized by anticipation?{{c1::Trinucleotide repeat diseases (e.g. Huntington disease)}}
Published	05/11/2024	One component of the basal ganglia is the {{c1::striatum}}, which consists of the {{c2::putamen::motor}} and {{c3::caudate::cognitive}}
Published	05/11/2024	One component of the basal ganglia is the {{c1::lentiform nucleus}}, which consists of the {{c2::putamen}} and {{c3::globus pallidus}}
Published	05/11/2024	One component of the basal ganglia is the {{c1::subthalamic nucleus}}, which is located in the diencephalon
Published	05/11/2024	In the direct basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the striatum lead to {{c2::inhibition}} of neurons of the {{c1::globus pallidus internus}}
Published	05/11/2024	Which movement disorder presents as sudden, wild flailing of 1 arm +/- the leg on the same side? {{c1::Hemiballismus}}
Published	05/11/2024	Hemiballismus results from a lesion to the {{c2::contra}}-lateral {{c1::subthalamic}} nucleus (e.g. lacunar stroke)
Published	05/11/2024	Hemiballismus is usually seen in patients with {{c1::hypertension}}, which increases risk for a lacunar stroke
Published	05/11/2024	{{c3::Parkinson}} disease is characterized by degeneration of {{c1::dopaminergic}} neurons in the {{c2::substantia nigra}} of the basal ganglia
Published	05/11/2024	Parkinson disease is characterized grossly by {{c1::depigmentation}} of the substantia nigra pars compacta
Published	05/11/2024	The clinical features of {{c6::Parkinson}} disease may be remembered with the mnemonic "TRAPS": T: {{c1::Tremor (pill-rolling tremor at rest; disappea…
Published	05/11/2024	{{c3::Parkinson}} disease is characterized histologically by {{c1::Lewy bodies}}, which are round, eosinophilic inclusions composed of {{c2::α-synucle…
Published	05/11/2024	What feature of Parkinson disease is represented in the image below?{{c1::Lewy body}}
Published	05/11/2024	Parkinson disease is characterized by {{c1::decreased}} dopamine
Published	05/11/2024	{{c3::Huntington}} disease is characterized by degeneration of {{c1::GABAergic}} neurons in the {{c2::caudate nucleus}} and putamen of the basal gangl…
Published	05/11/2024	What is the mode of inheritance of Huntington disease? {{c1::Autosomal dominant}}
Published	05/11/2024	Which movement disorder presents as a sudden, jerky, purposeless movements? {{c1::Chorea}}
Published	05/11/2024	Huntington disease presents with chorea that can progress to {{c1::depression}} and {{c2::dementia}}; also may have aggression
Published	05/11/2024	{{c2::Blockage}} of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway results in increased {{c1::extrapyramidal}} symptoms
Published	05/11/2024	Which movement disorder presents as sustained, involuntary muscle contractions? {{c1::Dystonia}}
Published	05/11/2024	Which movement disorder presents as a high-frequency tremor with sustained posture (e.g. outstetched arms)? {{c1::Essential tremor}}
Published	05/11/2024	Which type of tremor is often familial? {{c1::Essential tremor}}
Published	05/11/2024	Patients with essential tremor often self-medicate with {{c1::alcohol}}, which decreases tremor amplitude
Published	05/11/2024	What is first-line treatment for essential tremor? {{c1::Non-selective β-blockers (e.g. propranolol)}}
Published	05/11/2024	In addition to β-blockers, essential tremor may also be treated with {{c1::primidone (a barbiturate)}}
Published	05/11/2024	Huntington disease may be treated with {{c1::tetrabenazine}} or {{c2::reserpine}}, which inhibit {{c3::VMAT}}, decreasing dopamine vesicle packaging a…
Published	05/11/2024	Which anti-influenza drug can be used to treat Parkinson's disease?{{c1::Amantadine}}
Published	05/11/2024	Patients with medically intractable symptoms (ex. bradykinesia, rigidity) of Parkinsons disease may benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the {…
Published	05/11/2024	What associated symptoms are sometimes present in REM sleep behavior disorder?{{c1::Parkinsonism (e.g. changes in gait, anosmia, constipation)REM slee…
Published	05/11/2024	{{c1::Multiple system atrophy (MSA)::What condition?}} involves 2/3 of:{{c2::Motor abnormalities (Parkinsonian)Autonomic insufficiency (orthostatic hy…
Published	05/11/2024	Patient presents with bradykinesia, resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, postural instability, and shuffling gait is suggestive of {{c1::Parkinson's dis…
Published	05/11/2024	What neurological pathology manifests as Parkinsonism with orthostatic hypotension, impotence, incontinence, or other autonomic dysfunction? {{c1::Mul…
Published	05/11/2024	The cardinal feature of Parkinson's disease is {{c1::bradykinesia}}
Published	05/11/2024	Parkinson's is associated with {{c1::resting}} tremor
Published	05/11/2024	According to BCM lecture, first-line therapy for Huntington disease is {{c1::VMAT2 inhibitors::drug class}}
Status	Last Update	Fields