Notes in 06 Hematologic Principles of Surgery

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Published	07/30/2024	Obstruction of the biliary tree affects cogulation factors {{c1::II, VII, IX, X}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Liver dysfunction}} is observed in all coagulation disorders.
Published	07/30/2024	Which pathway is affected: PT prolonged, APTT normal
Published	07/30/2024	Which pathway is affected: PT normal, APTT prolonged
Published	07/30/2024	Which pathway is affected: PT and APTT prolonged
Published	07/30/2024	It is important to ask for the patient's {{c1::personal or family history}} when checking for possibilities of bleeding tendencies.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Physical examination}} will guide you on determining whether the disorder is deep-seated or superficial.
Published	07/30/2024	Which disorder has the following PE findings: Petechiae
Published	07/30/2024	Which disorder has the following PE findings: deep dissecting hematoma
Published	07/30/2024	Which disorder has the following PE findings: superficial ecchymosis
Published	07/30/2024	General recommendation is that {{c1::5-7 days}}should pass from the time the drug is stopped until anelective procedure
Published	07/30/2024	Representative GpIIb/IIIa Inhibitor Drugs: {{c1::Abciximab, Eptifibatide, Tirofiban::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Representative ADP Receptor Antagonists: {{c1::Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine, Prasugrel::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dipyridamole MOA: {{c1::↑ cAMP & cGMP → ↓ Platelet activation & aggregation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dipyridamole is often used in combination with {{c2::Aspirin}} as secondary prevention following {{c1::stroke}}
Published	07/30/2024	GPIIb/GPIIIa Antagonists include:1) {{c1::Abciximab}}2) {{c1::Eptifibatide}}3) {{c1::Tirofiban}}
Published	07/30/2024	In bleeding disorders, there will be:1) {{c1::Incomplete platelet plug formation}}2) {{c1::Incomplete coagulation or fibrin clot formation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for congenital factor diseases does not indicate {{c1::surgery}} almost all of the time and includes:1) {{c2::Factor replacement}}2) {{c2::C…
Published	07/30/2024	QC: 5-30% of congenital factor deficiiencies1) Mild clinical manifestation2) Moderate clinical manifestation
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Spontaneous bleeding of congenital factor deficiiencies1) Moderate clinical manifestation2) Severe clinical manifestation
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Hemophilia B/Christmas Disease1) Factor VIII2) Factor IX
Published	07/30/2024	Hemophilia treatment includes:1) {{c1::Factors VIII or IX replacement}}2) {{c1:: Factor VII}}3) {{c1::Desmopressin acetate}}4) {{c1::E-aminocaproic ac…
Published	07/30/2024	Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) treatment includes:1) Type I – {{c1::Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)}}2)  Type II – {{c1::Plasma replace…
Published	07/30/2024	Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) treatment includes:1) {{c1::Treat underlying cause}}2)  {{c1::Maintain adequate perfusion}}3) &…
Published	07/30/2024	Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) treatment includes:1) {{c1::Plasmapheresis}}2)  If relapsing or refractory, {{c1::Rituximab}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Patelet transfusion CONTRAINDICATEDA) TTPB)  ITP
Published	07/30/2024	Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) treatment includes:1) {{c1::Platelet transfusions}}2)  If drug-induced, {{c1::withdrawal of offending d…
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulopathy of Liver Disease treatment includes:1) {{c1::FFP}}2)  {{c1::Cryoprecipitate}}3) If indicated, {{c1::platelet transfusions}}
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulopathy of Trauma or Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TIC) treatment includes:1) {{c1::FFP}}2)  {{c1::Cryoprecipitate}}3) If indicated, {{c1::pl…
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulopathy of Trauma or Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TIC) manifestations include:1) {{c1:: Impaired humoral coagulation function}}2) {{c1:: Protein-…
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulopathy of Liver Disease manifestations include:1) {{c1:: Thrombocytopenia}} secondary to {{c2::hypersplenism}}2) {{c1:: Impaired humoral coagula…
Published	07/30/2024	TTP manifestations include:1) {{c1:: Thrombocytopenia}}2) {{c1:: Miroangiopathic hemolytic anemia}}3) {{c1:: Fever}}4) {{c1:: Renal and neurologic sig…
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Gradual onset, chronic, and idiopathicA. Adult ITPB. Child ITP
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Massive blood transfusion, liver diseases, myeloproliferative disordersA. Quantitative Platelet DefectsB. Qualitative Platelet Defects
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Activated large vWF molecules from inhibition of ADAM-S13A. ITPB. TTP
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Due to shock and tissue injuryA. Present TICB. Past TIC
Published	07/30/2024	Vitamin K-Dependent Factors: {{c1::II, VII, IX, X}}
Published	07/30/2024	Warfarin inhibits {{c1::Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase::enzyme}}
Published	07/30/2024	Thrombin inhibitor that cannot be reversed: {{c1::Rivaroxaban}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Idracruzimab}} can be used to reverse Dabigatran
Published	07/30/2024	In emergency situations, {{c1::Prothrombin Complex Concentrate}} can be used for patients with Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban
Published	07/30/2024	Most dreaded sign of bleeding due to anticoagulant use: {{c1::Intracranial bleeding}}
Published	07/30/2024	DIC diagnoses include:1) {{c1::Thrombocytopenia}}2) {{c1::Prolonged PT}}3) {{c1::Low Fibrinogen}}4) {{c1::Elevated FDPs, D-dimer, soluble fibrin monom…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)}} is characterized by {{c2::intravascular activation of coagulation}} with loss of {{c3::localizati…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Excessive thrombin formation}} in DIC leads to {{c2::microthrombus formation}} and {{c3::diffuse bleeding}}
Published	07/30/2024	Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) can be diagnosed with {{c1::ELISA}} and {{c1::serotonin release assay}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::APTT <1.3::APTT level}} in heparinized patient is considered safe for surgery
Published	07/30/2024	QC: decrease in platelet count after 1-2 daysA. Initial HIT B. Reexposed HIt
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::INR <1.5::INR level}} in a patient in warfarin is considered safe for surgery
Published	07/30/2024	Therapeutic level at which Warfarin will be effective as an anticoagulant: {{c1::INR 2.0-3.0::INR level}}
Published	07/30/2024	Warfarin is stopped {{c1::5 days}} before surgery
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hirudin}} is a naturally occurring anticoagulant found in the saliva of leeches
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Anti-thrombin III}} is a a natural substance in the body that acts as an anticoagulant
Published	07/30/2024	Unfractionated heparin is stopped {{c1::6 hours}} prior to surgery
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Inhibits GpIb and platelet adhesionA. Glanzmann ThrobastheniaB. Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
Published	07/30/2024	Unfractionated heparin is restarted {{c1::12-24 hours}} after surgery
Published	07/30/2024	Unfractionated heparin is rapidly reversed with {{c1::protamine sulfate::antidote}}
Published	07/30/2024	Unfractionated heparin inhibits factors {{c1::XII, XI, X}}
Published	07/30/2024	LMWH is stopped {{c1::20-24 hours}} prior to surgery
Published	07/30/2024	LMWH can be restarted {{c1::12-24}} after surgery
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Storage Pool Disease}} is the most common inherited platelet disorder and affects {{c2::alpha}} and {{c2::dense}} granules
Published	07/30/2024	In emergency situations, {{c1::O- and AB::Blood type}} can be used to donate blood
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Platelets::Blood component}} does not require cross matching
Published	07/30/2024	Crossmatching should always be performed before the administration of {{c1::dextran}} because it interferes with the typing procedure
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Rare spontaneous bleedingA. Hemophilia BB. Hemophilia C
Published	07/30/2024	In autologous donation, what are the minimum requirements?  Hgb: {{c1::>11g/dL}} Hct: {{c2::> 34%}}
Published	07/30/2024	Maximum of {{c1::5}} units of blood can be extracted from the patient
Published	07/30/2024	Most common laboratory abnormality encountered in pre-operative patients is {{c1::Anemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	While data indicate that iron decreases {{c1::LH and testosterone}} levels, testosterone conversely regulates body iron levels by {{c2::inhibiting hep…
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Most common congenital bleeding disorderA. VWDB. Hemophilia
Published	07/30/2024	If banked blood components are stored for long periods, the Hb O2 dissocation curve will shift to {{c1::either}}
Published	07/30/2024	Product of choice for most clinical situations requiring resuscitation: {{c1::Packed RBCs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Product of choice for Factor V: {{c1::FFP}}
Published	07/30/2024	If hemoglobin levels are >10 g/dL, is transfusion required?  {{c1::NO.}}
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