Notes in 10A-BPhysio

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer System}} is the most important buffer system and found in the {{c1::E::I/E}}CF
Published	07/30/2024	Protein Buffer System uses plasma proteins to minimize pH changes in the blood and is found in the {{c1::ECF and I::I/E}}CF
Published	07/30/2024	Hemoglobin Buffer System is a subgroup of the {{c1::Protein Buffer System}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Protein Buffer System uses amino acids which contain {{c1::negative charges::positive charges/negative charges}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Phosphate Buffer System uses {{c1::HPO42-}} and {{c1::H2PO4-}} in minimizing pH changes and is found in the {{c2::I::I/E}}CF and urine
Published	07/30/2024	4 Major Factors for Acid-base Balace Maintenance (listed as in the Trans){{c1::Tissue Cells (Active Tissues)::generate CO2 (carbonic acid) and&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	"Nonrespiratory" or "metabolic" component of acid-base balance{{c1::Renal System}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Deoxyhemoglobin}} is formed from the acceptance of hydrogen ions when oxygen is removed from oxyhemoglobin
Published	07/30/2024	The roles of the lungs and kidneys in maintaining pH is depicted with the {{c1::Henderson-Hasselbalch}} equation, which is also used in order to deter…
Published	07/30/2024	An increase in bicarbonate leads to an {{c1::increase::increase/decrease}} in pH. This denotes the function of the {{c2::kidneys::organ}}.
Published	07/30/2024	An increase in PCO2 leads to an {{c1::decrease::increase/decrease}} in pH.
Published	07/30/2024	6.1 is the {{c1::pKa}} of the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system.
Published	07/30/2024	0.03 is the {{c1::solubility constant}} of pCO2.
Published	07/30/2024	Ratio of {{c1::20:1}} (HCO3-:pCO2) must be maintained!Total CO2 = {{c2::H2CO3 + HCO3-}}
Published	07/30/2024	The three components measured by the Blood Gas Analyzer machine are: {{c1::pH}}, {{c1::pCO2}}, and {{c1::pO2}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In measuring {{c3::pH}}, using a blood gas analyzer, potentionmetric reaction of indicator electrode is compared to a reference electrodeMeasurin…
Published	07/30/2024	In measuring {{c1::PCO2}}, using a blood gas analyzer, potentionmetric reaction of indicator electrode is compared to a reference electrodeModifi…
Published	07/30/2024	In measuring {{c1::PO2}}, using a blood gas analyzer, potentionmetric reaction of indicator electrode is compared to a reference electrode{{c3::P…
Published	07/30/2024	Measures O2 hemoglobin/total hemoglobinPrinciple for {{c1::sO2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Specimen for ABG must be {{c1::anticoagulated w/ heparin}}, be well mixed, and kept at {{c1::4}}ºC if not analzyed immediately
Published	07/30/2024	In ABG analysis, the pH electrode and, to some degree, other gases need to be maintained at {{c1::37}}ºC
Published	07/30/2024	Excess protein buildup {{c1::dec::dec/inc}}reases sensitivity of ABG analysis
Published	07/30/2024	Too much heparin in an ABG sample will {{c1::dilute blood and falsely increase PCO2}}
Published	07/30/2024	An ABG sample not kept in ice will {{c1::falsely decrease PO2 and increase CO2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Using venous blood for an ABG will only give you a meaningful result for {{c1::pH (near normal)::parameter}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal ABG Values ParametersNormal Values pH{{c1::7.35 - 7.45 (7.4)::range}}PCO2{{c2::35 - 45 (40)::range}} mmHgHCO3-{{c3::22 - 26 (24)::range}} mmol/…
Published	07/30/2024	VBG may be used over ABG only if:{{c1::We are not looking for oxygen (PO2 or SO2). We usually use VBG when looking for pH (metabolic acidosis) be…
Published	07/30/2024	ABG vs VBG ParameterABGVBG pH7.4{{c1::7.36 - 7.38::range}}pCO240 mmHg{{c2::43 - 48::range}} mmHgBicarbonate24 mEq/L{{c…
Published	07/30/2024	When the pH and the pCO2 go in opposite directions, the cause is {{c1::RESPIRATORY}} If it goes in the same direction, the cause is {{c1::METABOLIC}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::1}} mmol/L of HCO3 compensates for every {{c1::10}}-mmHg increase in pCO2
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::1-1.3}} mmHg of PCO2 compensates for every {{c1::1}} decrease in HCO3 mmol/L
Published	07/30/2024	2e24b9acca4e4e70baf824a642e75dc5-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	2e24b9acca4e4e70baf824a642e75dc5-ao-2
Published	07/30/2024	2e24b9acca4e4e70baf824a642e75dc5-ao-3
Published	07/30/2024	Pulmonary embolisms and edema may cause respiratory {{c1::alkal}}osis
Published	07/30/2024	Excess corticosteroids may cause metabolic {{c1::alkal}}osis
Published	07/30/2024	In metabolic A-B disorders, {{c1::both EC and I::E/I}}C buffers compensateIn respiratory A-B disorders, {{c1::only the I::E/I}}C buffers compensate
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Serum Levels 1. Cation 2. Anion{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	NAGMA is primarily caused by {{c1::loss of bicarbonate}} like diarrhea and renal tubular diseases while {{c1::chloride}} increases proportionately
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Infusion of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) 2. risk of NAGMA{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	HyperchloremiaAcetazolamide (Diuretic)Renal Tubular AcidosisDiarrheaUreteroenterostomiesPancreatoenterostomiesSaline Infusion
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HAGMA::NAGMA/HAGMA}} occurs when you have low bicarbonate level and chloride is WITHIN normal range
Published	07/30/2024	HAGMA is primarily caused by {{c1::Overproduction/Underexcretion of acid}} and {{c1::Cell lysis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer System uses {{c1::H2CO3}} as a weak acid and {{c1::HCO3-}} as its conjugate base.
Published	07/30/2024	Air in an ABG sample will {{c1::falsely increase PO2 and decrease CO2}}
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