Notes in 01IntroToLAB

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Centralized laboratory}} testing is done in traditional clinical laboratories (e.g., hospital laboratories)
Published	07/30/2024	What department in the clinical pathology lab studies blood?{{c1::Hematology}}
Published	07/30/2024	What department in the clinical pathology lab assesses bleeding and clotting problems?{{c1::Hemostasis and Coagulation}}
Published	07/30/2024	What department in the clinical pathology lab detects GI and GU diseases (urinalysis, fecalysis)? {{c1::Clinical microscopy}}
Published	07/30/2024	What department in the clinical pathology lab analyzes body fluids (primarily serum or plasma){{c1::Clinical chemistry}}
Published	07/30/2024	What department in the clinical pathology lab stores and processes blood for transfusion?{{c1::Blood bank (Immunohematology)}}
Published	07/30/2024	What department in the clinical pathology lab evaluates diseases using antigen-antibody reactions?{{c1::Immunology and Serology}}
Published	07/30/2024	What department in the clinical pathology lab studies human diseases using molecular biology and genetics{{c1::Molecular diagnostics}}
Published	07/30/2024	What department in the clinical pathology lab identify causative microorganisms?{{c1::Microbiology}}
Published	07/30/2024	What ranges are used to interpret test results? {{c1::1. Reference range (normal range)2. Desired range3. Therapeutic range::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	What is the desired range for total cholesterol levels for adults?{{c1::<200 mg/dL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Therapeutic range measures a drug's {{c1::plasma* concentration}} or {{c1::therapeutic effects}}
Published	07/30/2024	Therapeutic range: no answer {{c1:::)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Reference range reflects data from {{c1::normal}} patients
Published	07/30/2024	Therapeutic window is achieved upon reaching the {{c1::steady-state}} concentration
Published	07/30/2024	Plasma concentration of a drug is usually measured during {{c1::trough}} levels
Published	07/30/2024	Examples of substances measured in reference to a threshold instead of ranges{{c1::Troponin (MI)some drugs of abuse (e.g., methamphetamine)::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Examples of substances measured in reference to a previous measurement instead of ranges{{c1::creatinine (for renal function)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lowering the cutoff point for a disease {{c1::increases::inc/dec}} the {{c2::sensitivity}} and {{c2::NPV}}
Published	07/30/2024	For diseases that are serious, {{c1::treatable}} and w/ {{c1::confirmatory}} tests, screening tests should maximize {{c2::sensitivity}}*bonus: cite ex…
Published	07/30/2024	For diseases that are serious and {{c1::incurable}} screening tests should maximize {{c2::specificity}}*bonus: cite examples
Published	07/30/2024	Incidence usually records the number of new cases per {{c1::one year}}
Published	07/30/2024	The pre-analytical phase of a lab test begins with {{c1::patient preparation}} and ends when the {{c1::sample arrives in the lab}}
Published	07/30/2024	The post-analytical phase of a lab test begins when the {{c1::result is generated}} and ends when the {{c1::result is reported}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most errors in lab testing occurs in what phase?{{c1::pre-analytical phase}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dx of SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus): Screening test: {{c1::ANA test}}Confirmatory test: {{c1::anti-dsDNA test}}
Published	07/30/2024	The bevel of a needle should face {{c1::upwards}} when entering the vein
Published	07/30/2024	Blood collection tubes for serum collection: {{c1::1. Dark red2. Red (hemo repellent-coated)3. Orange (gel + blood-clot activator)::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	What blood collection tube is used for CBC?{{c1::Lavender (EDTA)}}
Published	07/30/2024	What blood collection tube is used for stat plasma chemistry (e.g., plasma [K+]?{{c1::Green (heparin)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Yellow blood collection tubes contain a {{c1::acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD)}} solution to preserve blood cells during processing
Published	07/30/2024	For light blue (citrate) tubes, blood-to-citrate ratio should be {{c1::9:1}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC1. serum [K+]2. plasma [K+]{{c1::1 > 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Serum}} is plasma with the coagulation factors removed (by clotting)
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Quality control}} is a system designed to monitor lab tests and prevent errors
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Internal}} quality control refers to day-to-day monitoring of lab tests done by lab supervisors
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Standard}} is the reference to which unknowns are compared
Published	07/30/2024	QCCholesterol level1. children2. adults{{c1::1 < 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QCSerum phosphate1. children2. adults{{c1::1 > 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	QCWBC count1. children2. adults and adolescents{{c1::1 > 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Serum creatinine {{c1::decreases}} in cases of muscle atrophy
Published	07/30/2024	Creatine kinase {{c1::increases}} in cases of rhabdomyolysis
Published	07/30/2024	In spectrophotometry, the amount of light {{c1::absorbed}} varies directly with the substance concentration
Published	07/30/2024	Spectophotometry can measure absorbance at what range of wavelengths?{{c1::300–900 nm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enzyme activity of peroxidases can be measured by measuring {{c1::oxygen}} using {{c1::guaiacolol}} as an indicator
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Beer-Lambert's}} law states absorbance is a function of molar absorptivity, molar concentration, and optical path length,A = εCl
Published	07/30/2024	Fasting period for blood glucose: {{c1::8–10 hours}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fasting period for blood cholesterol or TAG: {{c1::10–12 hours}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hemoconcentration}} is the concentration of blood elements due to plasma volume loss
Published	07/30/2024	Increasing the sensitivity of a test reduces false-{{c1::negatives}}
Published	07/30/2024	Increasing the specificity of a test reduces false-{{c1::positives}}
Published	07/30/2024	Order of filling blood tubes:{{c1::blue → red → green* → lavender}}
Published	07/30/2024	Parameters with diurnal variation should be measured when their concentration is {{c1::highest}}*bonus: cite examples
Published	07/30/2024	Plasma glucose is measured {{c1::2 hours}} after oral ingestion of 75g glucose solution
Published	07/30/2024	Most drug monitoring measure {{c1::trough}} levels
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::high::high/low}} ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) indicates acute inflammation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Control}} is the reference sample for which the correct answer is known
Published	07/30/2024	In spectrophotometry what parts should light pass through before reaching the detecor (w/ display)?{{c1::monochromator}} → {{c1::aperture}} → sample →…
Published	07/30/2024	What cephalosporin may result in a false-positive urine {{c2::glucose}} test?{{c1::cephalexin}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::(POCT) Point-of-care}} testing is done in alternative sites for testing*bonus: cite examples
Published	07/30/2024	3 common interferences to spectrophotometry on plasma/serum 1. {{c1::Hemolysis}} - red2. {{c1::Elevated bilirubin}} - orange/green/brown3. {{c1::Lip…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Turnaround time}} refers to the amount of time taken to fulfill a lab request. "stat" means "within {{c2::1–2 hours}}"
Published	07/30/2024	Blood collection tubes for whole blood collection: {{c1::1. Lavender (EDTA)2. Black::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood collection tubes for plasma collection: {{c1::1. Light blue (citrate)2. Green (heparin)3. Grey (oxalate and sodium fluoride)::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	What blood collection tube is used for ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate){{c1::Black}}
Published	07/30/2024	What blood collection tube is used for PT and PTT?{{c1::Light blue (citrate)}}
Published	07/30/2024	What blood collection tube is used for measuring blood glucose?{{c1::Gray (sodium fluoride and oxalate)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gray blood collection tubes contain {{c1::oxalate}} (anticoagulant) and {{c1::fluoride}} (glycolysis inhibitor)
Published	07/30/2024	What blood collection tube is used for measure trace heavy materials?{{c1::Dark blue}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Quality assurance}} is a set of policies and procedures developed to ensure accuracy and reliabilty of laboratory tests
Status	Last Update	Fields