Notes in 2 Mechanics of Ventilation

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	11/18/2024	What effect does increased airway resistance have on the work of breathing, and which parameter is primarily affected?A) Decreases work of breathing b…
Published	11/18/2024	Which of the following conditions leads to a leftward shift in the compliance curve of the lung?A) EmphysemaB) Pulmonary edemaC) PneumothoraxD) Atelec…
Published	11/18/2024	Which of the following equations correctly defines the relationship between transpulmonary pressure (TPP), alveolar pressure (AP), and intrapleural pr…
Published	11/18/2024	How does hyperventilation affect the partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) in the blood, and what are the physiological conseq…
Published	11/18/2024	Which component of lung elasticity is primarily affected in emphysema, and how does it impact ventilation?A) Collagen, causing reduced airway resistan…
Published	11/18/2024	In the context of ventilation-perfusion (V/QV/QV/Q) mismatch, what happens to the V/Q ratio at the apex of the lung in a healthy individual at rest?A)…
Published	11/18/2024	Which mechanism explains the expiratory flow limitation observed during forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuvers in obstructive lung disease?A) Decreased…
Published	11/18/2024	Why does dynamic hyperinflation occur during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?A) Decreased inspiratory reserve v…
Published	11/18/2024	During inspiration, the pressure inside the alveoli:A) Becomes higher than atmospheric pressureB) Becomes lower than atmospheric pressureC) Remains eq…
Published	11/18/2024	Which of the following best describes the process of expiration during quiet breathing?A) It is an active process involving the contraction of the dia…
Published	11/18/2024	What happens to the intrapleural pressure during inspiration?A) It increases and becomes positive.B) It decreases and becomes more negative.C) It rema…
Published	11/18/2024	Which part of the brainstem is primarily responsible for controlling the basic rhythm of breathing?A) Medulla oblongataB) PonsC) HypothalamusD) Cerebe…
Published	11/18/2024	Which pressure gradient drives air into the lungs during inspiration?A) Transpulmonary pressure gradientB) Atmospheric pressure gradientC) Alveolar pr…
Published	11/18/2024	How does the compliance of the lung change in conditions like pulmonary fibrosis?A) It increases due to the loss of elastic tissue.B) It decreases due…
Published	11/18/2024	Which phenomenon explains why basal alveoli are more compliant than apical alveoli in a standing individual?A) Greater airway resistance at the base o…
Published	11/18/2024	What is the primary factor responsible for airflow limitation during dynamic compression of airways in diseases like COPD?A) Increased airway resistan…
Published	11/18/2024	How does a right-to-left shunt affect the arterial oxygen content despite normal ventilation in other lung areas?A) Decreases PaO2 due to mixing of ox…
Published	11/18/2024	Which parameter is used to measure lung stiffness and can be calculated as the inverse of compliance?A) Airway resistanceB) ElastanceC) Lung volumeD) …
Published	11/18/2024	Why does hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) occur in response to regional hypoxia?A) To increase alveolar perfusionB) To divert blood flow to be…
Published	11/18/2024	What is the primary factor determining airflow during quiet breathing?A) Airway diameterB) Lung complianceC) Respiratory muscle strengthD) Surface ten…
Published	11/18/2024	In conditions of high altitude, how does hypobaric hypoxia alter the mechanics of ventilation?A) Increases alveolar complianceB) Decreases alveolar ve…
Published	11/18/2024	Why do small alveoli tend to collapse in the absence of surfactant, according to Laplace’s law?A) They have higher compliance than larger alveoli.B) T…
Published	11/18/2024	What happens to functional residual capacity (FRC) in restrictive lung disease, and why?A) Increases due to air trappingB) Decreases due to reduced lu…
Published	11/18/2024	Why do patients with interstitial lung disease have difficulty during exercise?A) Increased airway resistance impairs ventilation.B) Reduced complianc…
Published	11/18/2024	In obstructive lung diseases, why is forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV) reduced more than forced vital capacity (FVC)?A) Air trapping prolong…
Published	11/18/2024	Which of the following lung volumes or capacities can be measured by spirometry?A) Functional residual capacityB) Physiologic dead spaceC) Vital capac…
Published	11/18/2024	An infant born prematurely in gestational week 25 has neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Which of the following would be expected in this infant?…
Published	11/18/2024	A 12-year-old boy has a severe asthmatic attack with wheezing. He experiences rapid breathing and becomes cyanotic. His arterial PO2 is 60mmHg while P…
Published	11/18/2024	Which of the following is true during inspiration?A) Intrapleural pressure is more negative than it is during expirationB) The volume in the lungs is …
Published	11/18/2024	When a person is standing, blood flow in the lungs isA) equal at the apex and the baseB) highest at the apex owing to the effects of gravity on arteri…
Published	11/18/2024	A 49-year-old man has a pulmonary embolism that completely blocks blood flow to his left lung. As a result, which of the following will occur?A) Venti…
Published	11/18/2024	Which volume remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration?A) Tidal volumeB) Vital capacityC) Expiratory reserve volumeD) Residual volume
Published	11/18/2024	Compared with the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation has a A) higher blood flowB) lower resistanceC) higher arterial pressureD) higher ca…
Published	11/18/2024	Compared with the apex of the lung, the base of the lung has A) a higher pulmonary capillary PO2B) a higher pulmonary capillary PCO2C) a higher V/Q ra…
Published	11/18/2024	In maximal expiration, the total volume expired is A) tidal volumeB) vital capacityC) expiratory reserve volumeD) residual volume
Published	11/18/2024	A person with a V/Q defect has hypoxemia and is treated with supplemental O2. The supplemental O2 will be most helpful if the person’s predominant V/Q…
Status	Last Update	Fields