Notes in IE 5 Physio Phar 111 Lec 4

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Published	10/30/2023	What is the skeletomuscular system
Published	10/30/2023	The skeleton - total -- {{c1::206}} bones - basic frame for body - Protects {{c2::CNS}}, support for {{c2::respiratory system function}} - made of {{c…
Published	10/30/2023	Axial skeleton -- {{c2::skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage}} - forms {{c2::central axis}} of the body Appendicular skeleton -- {{c1::pectoral …
Published	10/30/2023	Muscles - tissues generating tension by {{c1::shortening}} - Convert {{c1::chemical energy}} (ATP) into {{c1::mechanical energy}} (Tension)
Published	10/30/2023	Skeletal muscle
Published	10/30/2023	cardiac muscle
Published	10/30/2023	smooth muscle
Published	10/30/2023	Structure of striated muscles Massive protein complexes provide {{c1::basis for generation of tension in striated cells}} Sarcomere – {{c2::contractil…
Published	10/30/2023	Sliding filaments - Actin – {{c1::Thin filaments}}- Myosin – {{c1::Thick filaments}} - Titin – {{c1::provide support for and restoration of sarcomere …
Published	10/30/2023	Myosin - {{c1::38}} myosin genes, organized into {{c1::12}} classes Class 2 – {{c2::largest myosin proteins}}- Class 2 members have {{c2::2 heavy chai…
Published	10/30/2023	Cross bridge cycle 1. At rest → troponin-tropomyosin complex covers the myosin binding site on actin2. myosin and actin interaction = prevented 3. Sti…
Published	10/30/2023	Cross bridge cycle 1. {{c1::At rest → troponin-tropomyosin complex covers the myosin binding site on actin}}2. {{c1::myosin and actin interaction…
Published	10/30/2023	Length tension relationship - Sarcomere length needs to be optimal - Too long → {{c1::no overlap → no cross bridges can form}} - Too short → {{c2::com…
Published	10/30/2023	T tubules and excitation contraction (E-C) coupling 1. {{c1::Electrical stimulation of a muscle fiber → AP}} 2.{{c2::1 AP evokes a single contraction …
Published	10/30/2023	Excitation contraction coupling1. {{c1::Resting → membrane potential is negative and the intracellular (cytoplasmic) free Ca2+ concentration is in the…
Published	10/30/2023	Excitation of a muscle fiber 1. {{c1::AP arrives in the presynaptic terminal}} 2. {{c2::AP triggers the release of a neurotransmitter acetylcholine (A…
Published	10/30/2023	Muscle fibers – {{c1::contractile cells forming skeletal muscles}} Motor neurons – {{c2::neurons that innervate muscles}} - {{c3::control one or more …
Published	10/30/2023	A single AP evokes a {{c1::twitch}}In a whole muscle, {{c2::increasing}} the number of motor units firing an AP increases {{c3::magnitude of maximal t…
Published	10/30/2023	Temporal summation of two twitches
Published	10/30/2023	Tetanic stimulation – {{c1::increase the number of stimuli → increase tension generated}} Incomplete tetanus – {{c2::tetanic stimulation in which part…
Published	10/30/2023	Patellar reflex - Triggered by {{c1::stretching of quadriceps femoris muscle spindle}} - stretching achieved by {{c2::tapping patellar tendon below pa…
Published	10/30/2023	muscle spindle -- {{c1::bundle of specialized muscle fibers that senses stretching}}- sensing device for {{c2::negative feedback-loop to control muscl…
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