Notes in ENT

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Published	09/08/2024	Common causes of ear pain are {{c1::acute otitis media}}, {{c2::otitis externa}}, {{c3::mastoiditis}}
Published	09/08/2024	hearing impairment is due to damage to cranial nerve {{c1::VIII}}
Published	09/08/2024	hearing impairment will present as {{c1::perceived hearing loss}}, {{c2::fullness}}, or {{c3::concern}} from family members for the patient
Published	09/08/2024	hearing impairment concerns need a {{c4::hearing evaluation}}
Published	09/08/2024	treatment for hearing impairment requires {{c1::protection}} of hearing around loud noises, annual {{c2::hearing evaluations}}, {{c3::amplification}} …
Published	09/08/2024	a foreign body of the ear could be {{c1::intentional}} vs {{c1::accidental}}
Published	09/08/2024	a foreign body of the ear could be {{c1::asymptomatic}} (incidental finding), {{c2::otalgia}}, {{c2::otorrhea}}, {{c3::tragal}} tenderness, or {{c3::T…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c2::arnold's reflex}} may present with a foreign body in the ear and is a stimulation of the {{c3::auricular}} branch of the {{c3::vagus}} nerve whi…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::Cerumen}} in the ear is sometimes mistaken for bug in the ear or foreign body
Published	09/08/2024	a foreign body in the ear needs {{c1::history}} and {{c1::PE}} for a diagnosis
Published	09/08/2024	treatment of a foreign body in the ear requires {{c2::removal}} and treatment of any {{c1::secondary trauma or injury}}
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::Mastoiditis}} is a complication of acute otitis media ({{c2::purulent}} material in the middle ear)
Published	09/08/2024	Most common pathogen of mastoiditis is {{c1::S. pneumoniae }}
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::Mastoiditis}} is an infection in the mastoid portion of the temporal bone
Published	09/08/2024	Cases of mastoiditis can be {{c1::mild}} to {{c1::severe}} so they may presented either {{c2::clinically}} or {{c2:…
Published	09/08/2024	in children, mastoiditis presents as {{c1::warm}}, {{c1::tender}}, {{c1::bulging}} mastoid and their ear will be protruding {{c2::forward }}
Published	09/08/2024	diagnosis of mastoiditis is a evidence of {{c1::effusion}} in the middle ear ({{c3::PE}} and {{c3::audiogram}}) and a {{c2::CT scan}} of the…
Published	09/08/2024	treat mastoiditis with {{c1::IV antibiotics}}. If there is improvement, complete a {{c2::14 day course of PO antibiotics}}. If there is no improvement…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::tinnitus}} is the perception of a noise in your ear or head that only you can hear
Published	09/08/2024	tinnitus can be {{c2::benign}} vs {{c2::vascular malformation}} or {{c1::neurological}} vs {{c1::muscular }}
Published	09/08/2024	Differentiate {{c1::tonal}} from {{c1::pulsatile}} tinnitus (can hear their heartbeat)
Published	09/08/2024	diagnosising tinnitus needs a {{c1::hx}} and {{c1:: physical exam}} and {{c1::hearing evaluation}}
Published	09/08/2024	treatment for tinnitus involves {{c1::amplification (hearing aids)}} if caused by hearing loss, {{c1::low salt}} diet, and treating underlying cause i…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c2::Auricular Hematoma}} are common in {{c1::wrestlers}} and are called {{c1::cauliflower}} ear
Published	09/08/2024	an {{c1::auricle hematoma}} is caused by {{c2::trauma}} to the outer ear resulting in a breakdown of the {{c3::cartilage}} of the surroundin…
Published	09/08/2024	an auricle hematoma will have {{c1::edema}} to a portion of the {{c1::outer}} ear and can be {{c2::painful}} or {{c2::non-tender }}
Published	09/08/2024	diagnosis of an auricle hematoma needs a {{c1::hx}} and {{c2::PE}}
Published	09/08/2024	treatment of an auricle hematoma is needs {{c1::drainage}} of fluid to restore {{c1::tissue integrity}}, {{c2::bolstering}} surrounding area, {{c3::ed…
Published	09/08/2024	ENT complaints of the outer ear include {{c1::otitis externa}} and {{c1::cerumen impaction}}
Published	09/08/2024	Common causes of nasal congestion are {{c1::allergic rhinitis}}, {{c1::nasal polyps}}, {{c1::sinusitis}}, {{c1::epistaxis}}, {{c1::foreign Body}}
Published	09/08/2024	Rhinorrhea, sneezing, itchy eyes, pruritis, cough are common in a presentation for {{c1::allergic rhinitis }}
Published	09/08/2024	allergic rhinitis is concurrent with {{c1::atopic dermatitis}} and {{c1::asthma}}
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::vasomotor}} rhinitis is the most common cause of rhinitis in the elderly (non-allergic)
Published	09/08/2024	diagnosis for allergic rhinitis needs a PE which will show {{c1::enlarged, blue boggy turbinates}}, and FH of {{c2::atopy}} or {{c2::allergies }}
Published	09/08/2024	treatment for allergic rhinitis includes {{c1::intranasal corticosteroids}}, {{c1::antihistamines}}, {{c1::allergic immunotherapy}}
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::nasal polyps}} are most common in patients with allergic rhinitis
Published	09/08/2024	nasal polyps are {{c1::benign nasal tumors}}
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::Sampter’s Triad}} includes {{c1::asthma}}, {{c1::aspirin sensitivity}}, {{c1::nasal polyps}}
Published	09/08/2024	if nasal polyps are seen in children, evaluate for {{c1::cystic fibrosis}}
Published	09/08/2024	nasal polyps will have nasal {{c1::obstruction}} and decreased sense of {{c1::smell }}
Published	09/08/2024	nasal polyps are diagnosed by visualization which is often {{c1::endoscopy }}
Published	09/08/2024	nasal polyps may need a course of {{c1::oral steroids}}, intranasal steroid {{c2::sprays}} or {{c2::rinses}}, {{c3::surgical resection}}, or {{c3::bio…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c2::sinusitis}} a {{c1::bacterial}} infection of a nasal cavity resulting from obstruction of the {{c3::osteomeatal}} complex (s…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::Sinusitis }} will have purulent nasal drainage (maxillary sinus most common), facial pain and pressure, nasal obstruction, cough, headache,…
Published	09/08/2024	Physical exam of {{c3::sinusitis}} will have revealing {{c1::purulent nasal discharge}}, {{c2::culture}} and could also use {…
Published	09/08/2024	80% of  {{c1::sinusitis}} cases will improve within 10-14 days without antibiotics (“watchful waiting”)
Published	09/08/2024	sinusitis would need a {{c1::coronal head CT without contrast }} if symptoms last over 12 weeks or if they are severe
Published	09/08/2024	Treat for acute sinusitis if symptoms >{{c1::10 days}} OR if {{c2::double sickening}} (development of fever after a few days of symptoms) bc most l…
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