Notes in Asynchronous: Ocular Motility

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	04/30/2024	The abducens nucleus sends axons that course within the contralateral {{c2::medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)}} to reach the {{c1::oculomotor}} nuc…
Published	04/30/2024	The paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) sends axons to synapse with cell bodies of the ipsilateral {{c1::abducens}} nucleus
Published	04/30/2024	The {{c1::medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)}} is a pair of tracts that allows for crosstalk between CN {{c2::VI}} and CN {{c2::III}} nuclei
Published	04/30/2024	Lesions to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) cause {{c1::internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)}}
Published	04/30/2024	One control center for horizontal gaze is located in the {{c1::paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)}}, which is responsible for {{c2::ipsi}}l…
Published	04/30/2024	The {{c1::abducens}} nucleus is coexistent with the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), the center for ipsilateral horizontal gaze
Published	04/30/2024	The {{c2::frontal eye}} fields send axons that decussate and synapse on neurons of the contralateral {{c1::paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPR…
Published	04/30/2024	Lesions to the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) result in eyes that look {{c1::away from}} the side of the lesion
Published	04/30/2024	Lesions to the abducens nucleus may be accompanied by complete, ipsilateral {{c1::facial}} paralysis in addition to symptoms from the abducens/PPRF le…
Published	04/30/2024	The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is {{c1::heavily::heavily or lightly}} myelinated
Published	04/30/2024	Are the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) lesions seen with multiple sclerosis classically uni- or bilateral? {{c1::Bilateral}}
Published	04/30/2024	What neurological pathology commonly causes medial longitudinal fasciculus lesions? {{c1::Multiple sclerosis}}
Published	04/30/2024	The directional term of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (e.g. right or left) refers to which eye is {{c1::paralyzed}}
Published	04/30/2024	Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) results in inability to {{c1::adduct}} the {{c2::ipsi}}lateral eye
Published	04/30/2024	Internuclear ophthalmoplegia results in {{c1::nystagmus}} of the {{c2::contra}}lateral eye
Published	04/30/2024	Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) has normal {{c1::convergence}}, which is a distinguishing feature from a CN III lesion
Published	04/30/2024	Rules of 4: Lesions in the brain stem that affect the {{c1::medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)}} result in {{c2::ipsi}}lateral internuclear ophthalm…
Published	04/30/2024	{{c1::Strabismus}} refers to intermittent or constant ocular misalignment
Published	04/30/2024	{{c1::Conjugate}} gaze is when both eyes move together to maintain images from the world in the correct parts of the retina
Published	04/30/2024	{{c1::Disconjugate}} gaze is when the eyes are not moving together and thus the patient experiences {{c2::diplopia}}
Published	04/30/2024	CN III and IV come from the {{c1::midbrain}}CN VI comes from the lower {{c1::pons}}
Published	04/30/2024	The {{c1::medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)}} links the 6 CN nuclei that execute conjugate gaze together so that they can work as a unit
Published	04/30/2024	The {{c1::vestibular}} nuclei contribute to the MLF too and they are the sensory nuclei getting the visual input into the MLF
Published	04/30/2024	The frontal eye fields are the {{c1::UMNs}} and the cranial nerves III, IV, and VI are the {{c1::LMNs}} that coordinate conjugate gaze
Published	04/30/2024	Horizontal gaze commands from the frontal eye field eventually act on the {{c1::contr}}alateral CN {{c2::VI}} in the pons
Published	04/30/2024	A signal from the L frontal eye field will eventually move the eyes to the {{c1::R:;L vs. R}}
Published	04/30/2024	The frontal eye field innervates interneurons in the {{c2::contr}}alateral {{c1::paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)}}
Published	04/30/2024	After the frontal eye field signals to the contralateral PPRF which then signals the CN VI nucleus on the same side as the PPRF, a signal is sent to C…
Published	04/30/2024	If you have reduced with the L frontal eye field. the eyes will deviate to the {{c1::L::L or R}}
Published	04/30/2024	A stroke to the L pons would cause the eyes to deviate to the {{c1::R::R vs. L}}
Published	04/30/2024	Damage to the LMNs (motor nuclei or cranial nerves) will cause the eyes to have {{c1::disconjugate gaze}}
Published	04/30/2024	If you are trying to look towards the left but you have R INO:The L eye will point towards the {{c1::L}}The R eye will point towards the {{c…
Published	04/30/2024	Common causes of INO is {{c1::MS::young individuals}} or small {{c1::stroke::older individuals}}
Status	Last Update	Fields