Notes in 07 Enterobacteriaceae

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Published 07/30/2024 Enterobacteriaceae is motile at {{c1::37}}°C
Published 07/30/2024 {{c2::Klebsiella, Shigella, Yersinia::3 Enteric Bacterial Species}} is motile at {{c1::22-25}}°C
Published 07/30/2024 Enterobacteriaceae is {{c1::non-e::non-e/e}}ncapsulated except for {{c1::Klebsiella and Enterobacter::2}}
Published 07/30/2024 Enterobacteriaceae is {{c1::facultative anaerobic::oxygen requirement}}
Published 07/30/2024 Enterobacteriaceae Biochemical Tests: Oxidase ({{c3::-}}) except {{c3::Pseudomonas, Plesiomonas sp.}}Catalate ({{c2::+}}) except {{c2::Shigella dysent…
Published 07/30/2024 E. coli and most other enteric bacteria Colony Morphology: {{c1::Circular, convex, smooth colonies with distinct edges}}
Published 07/30/2024 MacConkey Agar detects {{c1::sorbitol fermentation}}(-) Result: {{c2::Yellow}}(+) Result: {{c2::Pink}}This is also used to detect {{c3::enterohemorrha…
Published 07/30/2024 Hektoen Enteric (HE) Agar detects {{c1::lactose fermentation and H2S production}}(-) Result: {{c2::Colorless}}(+) Result: {{c2::Yellow or Salmon. Blac…
Published 07/30/2024 Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) Agar differentiates {{c1::Shigella or Salmonella}}Shigella: {{c2::Red colonies}}Salmonella: {{c2::Red colonies w…
Published 07/30/2024 Shigella-Salmonella (SS) AgarShigella: {{c1::Transparent colorless colonies}}Salmonella: {{c1::Transparent colorless colonies w/ black center}}
Published 07/30/2024 Representative Differential and Enrichment Media for Anaerobes, Aerobs, Microaerophilic, and Fastidious Microbes:{{c1::thioglycolate broth, brain hear…
Published 07/30/2024 Cefsulofin Irgasan Novobiocin (CIN) Agar selects {{c2::Yersinia enterocolitica}}
Published 07/30/2024 Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) Agar detects {{c1::lactose fermentation}}(-) Result: {{c2::Colorless}}(+) Result: {{c2::Green metallic Sheen (E. coli)…
Published 07/30/2024 Enterobacteriaceae MOT: {{c1::fecal-oral via ingestion of contaminated food, endogenous/person-to-person spread}}
Published 07/30/2024 Enterobacteriaceae Overt Species: {{c1::Salmonella typhi, Shigella spp., Yersinia pestis}}
Published 07/30/2024 {{c1::E. coli}} is considered both an opportunistic and overt Enterobactericeae
Published 07/30/2024 {{c1::Salmonella and E. coli::Enterobactericeae}} use pili to attach to intestinal cells
Published 07/30/2024 Shiga toxin/verocytotocin/shiga-like toxins are bacterial toxins secreted particularly by {{c1::Shigella dysenteriae and E. coli O157:H7}}
Published 07/30/2024 Shiga toxin: A sub-unit - {{c1::moves into the cytosol to halt protein synthesis::function}}B sub-unit - {{c1::binds to cell surface recepto…
Published 07/30/2024 Endotoxins elicit a variety of inflammatory responses by activating complement through the {{c1::alternative (properdin)}} pathway
Published 07/30/2024 E. coli O157:H7 in H.U.S is associated with antigens {{c1::O and H::2}}
Published 07/30/2024 Antibodies against O antigen are predominantly Ig{{c1::M}}
Published 07/30/2024 E. coli strains producing {{c1::K1}} antigen are prominent in {{c2::neonatal meningitis::disease}}
Published 07/30/2024 {{c1::K}} antigens of E. coli cause attachment off the bacteria to epithelial cells before gastrointestinal/urinary tract invasion
Published 07/30/2024 Members of Klebsiella form large capsules consisting of {{c1::polysaccharides (K antigen) covering the somatic (O/H) antigens}}
Published 07/30/2024 Klebsiella RTI are caused by capsular types {{c1::1, 2}}
Published 07/30/2024 Klebsiella UTI are caused by capsular types: {{c1::8, 9, 10, 24}}
Published 07/30/2024 Antibodies against H antigen are predominantly Ig{{c1::G}}
Published 07/30/2024 {{c1::Phase Variation}} - organism tends to change from one phase of the flagellar antigen to another
Published 07/30/2024 {{c1::H}} antigen may cross-react and interfere with bacterial agglutination with anti-O antibodies
Published 07/30/2024 Extraintestinal Escherichia coli Important Virulence Factors: {{c1::Endotoxin (LPS), Capsule, Pili::3}}
Published 07/30/2024 Extraintestinal Escherichia coli Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::UTI (in women), nosocomial infections}}
Published 07/30/2024 {{c2::Enteroaggregative}} E. coli ({{c2::EA}}EC) Important Virulence Factors: {{c1::Pili, Shiga-like toxin, Hemolysin-like toxin, Biofilm formati…
Published 07/30/2024 Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::prolonged (>14 days) watery diarrhea}}
Published 07/30/2024 Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Traveler's diarrhea and diarrhea in children <5 y/o in developing countries}}
Published 07/30/2024 ETEC adheres to epithelial cells of the small bowel via pili, known as {{c1::colonization factor antigen (CFA)}}
Published 07/30/2024 Production of heat-labile enterotoxins by some ETEC strains is under genetic control of a {{c1::plasmid::plasmid/phage}}
Published 07/30/2024 heat-labile enterotoxin produced by ETEC (LT) subunit B attaches to {{c1::GM1 ganglioside}} on apical membrane of enterocytes and facilitiates th…
Published 07/30/2024 LT of ETEC is antigenic and cross-reacts with the enterotoxin of {{c1::V. cholerae}}
Published 07/30/2024 Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::dysentery}}
Published 07/30/2024 {{c2::Enteropathogenic}} E. coli ({{c2::EP}}EC) Important Virulence Factors: {{c1::bundle-forming pilusChromosomal locus of enterocyte effacement…
Published 07/30/2024 The bundle-forming pilus of EPEC is encoded by a {{c1::plasmid EPEC adherence factor (EAF)}}
Published 07/30/2024 Shigella Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Bacillary Dysentery}}
Published 07/30/2024 EPEC Infection Clinical Findings: {{c1::severe, watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever}}
Published 07/30/2024 Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC/STEC) Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Mild and nonbloody diarrhea, Hemorrhagic colitis, and Hemolytic Uremic Synd…
Published 07/30/2024 Two antigenic forms of the toxin produced by EHEC/STEC: {{c1::Shiga-like toxin 1, Shiga-like toxin 2}}
Published 07/30/2024 {{c1::E. coli O157:H7}} is the most common E. coli serotype that produces Shiga toxin
Published 07/30/2024 EHEC/STEC O157:H7 does not use {{c1::sorbitol}}, unlike most other E. coli
Published 07/30/2024 Bacillary Dysentery Clinical Findings: {{c1::Acute inflammatory colitis w/ bloody diarrheaCrampsTenesmusMucoid StoolMicroabscesses in the wall of the …
Published 07/30/2024 Shigella DOC: {{c1::Ciprofloxacin}}
Published 07/30/2024 Shigella invade {{c2::M cells (intestinal mucosa epithelial cells)::cells}} by inducing {{c1::phagocytosis}} and multiplying and spreading within…
Published 07/30/2024 Shigella infections are almost always limited to the GI tract and bloodstream invasion is rare. Only {{c1::1000}} bacilli are needed to cause infectio…
Published 07/30/2024 Shigella Important Virulence Factors: Shiga Exotoxin, Endotoxin (LPS), {{c1::OspC3}}
Published 07/30/2024 {{c2::OspC3}} is secreted by Shigella to inactivate {{c1::caspase-4}}, thereby avoiding M cell death and allowing an avenue for multiplication
Published 07/30/2024 Shiga Toxin Effects:{{c1::Diarrhea (acts as an enterotoxin)Meningismus, Coma (acts as a neurotoxin)::2}}
Published 07/30/2024 Shigellosis Tx: {{c1::Oral/IV fluid replacement}}{{c1::Avoid giving anti-diarrheal medications (loperamide and opioids)}}
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella Important Virulence Factors: {{c1::peritrichous flagella}}
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella Disease EtiologiesEnteric fever: Salmonella {{c1::typhi or paratyphi}}Septicemia: Salmonella {{c1::choleraesuis or dubl…
Published 07/30/2024 Enteric Fever Incubation Period: {{c1::10-14}} days
Published 07/30/2024 Enteric Fever Clinical Findings: {{c1::Fever, Malaise, Headache, MyalgiaConstipationBradycardia (from carditis)HepatosplenomegalyRose Spots - 1-4…
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Enteric Fever, Septicemia, Enterocolitis (most common)::3 (bonus if you can tell the most common …
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella Diagnosis:Enteric Fever: {{c1::Blood culture in 1st and 2nd week, Stool culture in 2nd week}}Septicemia: {{c1::Blood culture during high fe…
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella Enterocolitis Clinical Findings: {{c1::8-48 hrs::incubation period}} after ingestion of contaminated food/water, there will be {{…
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella Bacteremia/Septicemia usually affects px w/ {{c1::immunosuppression, age at the extremes (infants, elderly)}}
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella infects the body in two ways:1. Direct invasion of {{c1::M}} cells2. Luminal capture by {{c1::dendritic}} cellsThey then invade the {{c2::l…
Published 07/30/2024 Common organs affected if salmonella infection spreads to the bloodstream are the {{c1::liver, gallbladder, bones, meninges}}
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella Preferred Differential Media: {{c1::Bismuth Sulfite Media}}
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella Selective Media: {{c1::Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA), Hektoen Enteric (HE) agar, Xylose-Lysin Deoxycholate (XLD) agar, Deoxycholate C…
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella Enrichment Media: {{c1::Selenite F, Tetrathionate Broth::2}}
Published 07/30/2024 Salmonella Serologic Tests: Salmonella IgG/IgM ELISA{{c1::agglutination test, Tube Dilution Agglutination test (Widal test)}}
Published 07/30/2024  Klebsiella Infection Clinical Findings: {{c1::severity and propensity to affect upper lobes, currant jelly sputum, abscess formation}}
Published 07/30/2024 Pyogenic liver abscesses caused by the K1 encapsulated strain of Klebsiella usually affects {{c1::diabetic asian males}}
Published 07/30/2024 Klebsiella sequence type {{c1::16}} (ST {{c1::16}}) has {{c2::beta-lactamase::enzyme}}
Published 07/30/2024 Klebsiella sequence type {{c1::258}} (ST {{c1::258}}) has {{c2::carbapenemase::enzyme}}
Published 07/30/2024 Klebsiella Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Pneumonia, Pyogenic liver abscess, UTI, Bacteremia}}
Published 07/30/2024 3 species/complexes of Enterobacter: {{c1::E. cloacae complex, E. aerogenes complex, E. sakazakii (now Cronobacter)}}
Published 07/30/2024 Most Enterobacter and Serratia strains possess a chromosal beta-lactamase called {{c1::ampC}} which renders them intrinsically resistant to …
Published 07/30/2024 Most frequently isolated Serratia species is {{c1::S. marcescens}}
Published 07/30/2024 {{c1::Prodigiosin}} - red pigment produced by only {{c1::10}}% of isolated Serratia species
Published 07/30/2024 {{c1::Proteus}} is very notorious for its putrid sewer-like smell (amoy imburnal)
Published 07/30/2024 Proteus mirabilis Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::UTI, septicemia secondary to UTI, and RTI::3}}
Published 07/30/2024 Proteus vulgaris Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Wound and soft tissue infections}}
Published 07/30/2024 {{c2::P. mirabilis}} produces {{c1::urease}} leading to alkalinization of urine with stone formation
Published 07/30/2024 Proteus Colony Morphology: {{c1::Swarming motility}}
Published 07/30/2024 Enterobacter Colony Morphology: {{c1::similar to E. coli but more mucoid}}
Published 07/30/2024 Klebsiella Colony Morphology: {{c1::large, very mucoid colonies, tend to coalesce with prolonged incubation}}
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