Notes in Blood Pressure - Physiology and Pathology LECTURE 22

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Published	01/07/2025	mean BP ={{c1::}}
Published	01/07/2025	blood flow is {{c1::pulsatile}} in the aorta and large arteriesblood flow is {{c1::laminar}} in the capillaries and veins
Published	01/07/2025	cardiac output (amount) = {{c1:: 5 l/min}}
Published	01/07/2025	vascular resistancepredominantly determined by level of {{c1::constriction of arterioles (under hormonal and neurological control)}}
Published	01/07/2025	Ohm's law (BP) = {{c1::CO x SVR}}
Published	01/07/2025	physical factors affecting BP:{{c1::gravity}}{{c1::arterial}} compliance{{c1::blood}} viscosity
Published	01/07/2025	what are the factors affecting CO and SVR?{{c1::vascular anatomy (narrowings)}}{{c1::vascular factors (dilated/constricted)}}{{c1::tissue factors (pus…
Published	01/07/2025	cardiac output (equation) = {{c1::stroke volume (L) x heart rate (/min)}}
Published	01/07/2025	describe what is happening at each point: *1. {{c1::end-diastolic volume - full of blood so mitral valve closes - pressure rapidly increases - no bloo…
Published	01/07/2025	a050a8d475b44d57985d1ab31e3382c5-ao-1
Published	01/07/2025	a050a8d475b44d57985d1ab31e3382c5-ao-2
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Published	01/07/2025	a050a8d475b44d57985d1ab31e3382c5-ao-4
Published	01/07/2025	preload in circulation - depends on {{c1::venous}} returnwhich depends on:{{c1::circulating blood volume}}Reduced if {{c1::dehydrated or major bl…
Published	01/07/2025	hormones of the kidney:{{c1::aldosterone - (adrenal cortex)}}role:{{c1::salt retention - reabsorption in distal convulated tubule}}{{c1::ADH - (poster…
Published	01/07/2025	intrinsic heart rate set by {{c1::sinus node in right atrium}}HR increases (which NS activated and which receptors) - {{c1::when sympathetic…
Published	01/07/2025	aortic SVR = {{c1::15}}%arteriole/capillary SVR = {{c1::85}}%
Published	01/07/2025	at local levels, tissue perfusion is {{c1::autoregulated in response to local need}}controls at the level of {{c1::the arteriole}}
Published	01/07/2025	local controls of tissue perfusion:dilation:{{c1::low O2 / high CO2 levels}}{{c1::acidosis}}{{c1::nitric oxide}}{{c1::prostacyclin}}constric…
Published	01/07/2025	what are the most potent vasoconstrictors?{{c1::Endothelin}}{{c1::Angiotensin II}}
Published	01/07/2025	noradrenaline is predominantly an {{c1::alpha}} receptor agonistadrenaline is an {{c1::alpha and beta}} receptor agonist
Published	01/07/2025	Which receptors are responsible for:> arteriolar constriction> arteriolar dilation>increase in heart rate/force of contraction{{c1::systemic …
Published	01/07/2025	what are the receptors for blood pressure called?{{c1::baroreceptors}}located in: (2){{c1::aortic arch and carotid body (carotid bifurcation)}}signal …
Published	01/07/2025	where are the control centres located in the brain?which part of the brain:{{c1::brainstem}}:what are they called?{{c1::cardio-accelerator centre: spe…
Published	01/07/2025	effectors:what are the hormones that cause vasoconstriction/vasodilation? How do they do this? Sympathetic:which hormone?This causes?increases?{{…
Published	01/07/2025	effects of chronic hypertension:what are the following 3 main effects?1. heart muscle damage leads to {{c1::heart failure}}2. {{c1::large vessel damag…
Published	01/07/2025	acute effects of severe hypertension:aortic {{c1::dissection}} - aorta is not ruptured but blood tears through the wall of aorta{{c1::acute}} hea…
Published	01/07/2025	hypotension: faints {{c1::'vaso-vagal episodes' - neurally-mediated syncope}}when can this occur?{{c1::occurs as reaction to stressful episode}}What d…
Published	01/07/2025	where are the blood pressure neuronal control centres in the brain?{{c1::medulla of the brainstem}}
Published	01/07/2025	hypotension: shockspersistently low {{c1::blood pressure - due to pathology (<90mmHg systolic)}} causes:{{c1::cardiogenic - low CO (e.g. large…
Published	01/07/2025	poor tissue perfusion leads to:malfunction of?which metabolic process?{{c1::organ malfunction - esp. kidney}}{{c1::acidosis (lactate)}}
Published	01/07/2025	blood flow in coronary arteries occurs mostly in {{c1::diastole}}
Published	01/07/2025	special circulations: pulmonary systemcontains {{c1::20}}% of blood volumesame volume of blood flows through {{c1::systemic and pulmonary circula…
Published	01/07/2025	485a19cc3a814f8ea4559091be7e1aed-ao-1
Published	01/07/2025	Starling's Law = heart's intrinsic ability to vary strength of contraction based on {{c1::end-diastolic blood volume}}Force of contraction is tra…
Published	01/07/2025	{{c1::essential hypertension}} - {{c2::multifactorial}}: no individual cause{{c2::(poly)genetic}}{{c2::obesity}}high {{c2::salt}} intak…
Published	01/07/2025	Fibre length is determined by {{c1::END-DIASTOLIC VOLUME}} (determined by {{c1::VENOUS RETURN}})
Published	01/07/2025	KEY POINTS:
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