Notes in G16 Thoracic Wall

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Published	11/02/2024	Where are costal hemifacets found on thoracic vertebrae? What articulates with them?
Published	11/02/2024	Where are costal facets found on thoracic vertebrae? What articulates with them?
Published	11/02/2024	Flexion and lateral flexion of the thoracic spine are limited by {{c1::attachments to the rib cage}}
Published	11/02/2024	Thoracic z-joints lie primarily in the {{c1::coronal}} plane, which allows {{c1::rotation}}. Thoracic IV discs are {{c1::relatively thin}} compared to…
Published	11/02/2024	What bones form the thoracic skeleton?
Published	11/02/2024	What does the head of the rib articulate with?
Published	11/02/2024	Where is the tubercle of the rib located? What does it articulate with?
Published	11/02/2024	The body of the rib is the thin, flattened portion. It is most curved at the {{c1::angle}} of the rib. Along the inferior margin of the body is the {{…
Published	11/02/2024	Costochondral junction
Published	11/02/2024	What are the atypical ribs?
Published	11/02/2024	Why is Rib 1 atypical?
Published	11/02/2024	Why are Ribs 10-12 atypical?
Published	11/02/2024	What are the 3 classes of ribs?
Published	11/02/2024	True ribs
Published	11/02/2024	False Ribs
Published	11/02/2024	Floating Ribs
Published	11/02/2024	The sternum consists of what 3 bones?
Published	11/02/2024	Sternal Angle: what is it and where is it located? At what vertebral level?
Published	11/02/2024	Costal notches of the sternum
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Published	11/02/2024	What are the two costovertebral joints?
Published	11/02/2024	Joint of the head of the rib forms b/w the {{c1::heads of the ribs}} and {{c1::hemifacets}} on bodies of the same-numbered and superior adjacent thora…
Published	11/02/2024	The {{c1::costotransverse joint}} forms between the rib tubercle and the transverse costal facet of the transverse process of the same-numbered verteb…
Published	11/02/2024	Sternocostal joints are formed b/w the {{c1::medial ends of the costal cartilages 1-7}} and the {{c1::sternum}}
Published	11/02/2024	The first sternocostal joint is a {{c1::synchondrosis}}; joints 2-7 are {{c1::synovial plane}} joints
Published	11/02/2024	Costochondral joints
Published	11/02/2024	Interchondral joints
Published	11/02/2024	Manubriosternal joint
Published	11/02/2024	Xiphisternal joint
Published	11/02/2024	synchondrosis
Published	11/02/2024	Why is the chest wall less flexible and more prone to fracture in older people?
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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Superior Thoracic Aperture}}- the superior boundary of the thoracic cavity formed by the {{c2::T1 vertebra, first ribs and the manubrium}}- tran…
Published	11/02/2024	What is the Inferior Thoracic Aperture formed by?
Published	11/02/2024	The {{c1::inferior thoracic aperture}} forms the attachments for the muscular {{c2::thoracoabdominal diaphragm}} which separates the thoracic and abdo…
Published	11/02/2024	What are intercostal spaces, and what do they contain?
Published	11/02/2024	Intercostal spaces are numbered sequentially {{c1::superior}} to {{c1::inferior}} beginning with the first intercostal space between {{c1::ribs 1 and …
Published	11/02/2024	Inferior to rib 12 is the {{c1::subcostal space}}
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Published	11/02/2024	What actions do the intercostal muscles cause?
Published	11/02/2024	External intercostal muscles: location, fiber orientation, and action
Published	11/02/2024	Internal intercostal muscles: location, fiber orientation, and action
Published	11/02/2024	Innermost intercostal muscles: location, fiber orientation, and action
Published	11/02/2024	Subcostal muscle: origin, insertion, and action
Published	11/02/2024	Transversus thoracis muscle: origin, insertion, and action
Published	11/02/2024	Intercostal Nerves and Subcostal Nerve are the:
Published	11/02/2024	Describe the pathway that the intercostal nerves follow:
Published	11/02/2024	What are the two main branches of the intercostal nerves, and where do they split?
Published	11/02/2024	After giving rise to their lateral cutaneous branches, the intercostal nn. 7-11 and the subcostal n. {{c1::enter and supply the abdominal wall}}
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Published	11/02/2024	Which nerves supply the abdominal wall muscles?
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Published	11/02/2024	Intercostal arteries: Each intercostal space is supplied by anastomosing branches from the {{c1::thoracic aorta}} and {{c1::internal thoracic artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	Posterior intercostal aa. enter intercostal spaces {{c1::lateral}} to the {{c1::vertebral column}}. Lateral cutaneous a. branches (off the posterior i…
Published	11/02/2024	What do the posterior intercostal arteries branch from?
Published	11/02/2024	Internal thoracic artery branches from the {{c1::subclavian artery}}
Published	11/02/2024	Internal thoracic artery descends lateral to the {{c1::sternum}} b/w the {{c1::transversus thoracis muscles}} and the anterior thoracic wall
Published	11/02/2024	Anterior intercostal aa. arise directly from the {{c1::internal thoracic a.}} and course posteriorly to anastomose with the corresponding {{c1::poster…
Published	11/02/2024	Anterior perforating branches arise from the internal thoracic artery and emerge {{c1::lateral to the sternum}} and contribute to the vasculature of t…
Published	11/02/2024	What does the internal thoracic artery do at the 6th costal cartilage?
Published	11/02/2024	Where are the intercostal veins located?
Published	11/02/2024	Venous blood from the thoracic wall drains to the superior vena cava via the {{c1::internal thoracic vein}} and the {{c1::azygos venous system}}
Published	11/02/2024	Why are procedures that require penetration of an intercostal space typically performed along the superior margin of the low rib?
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Published	11/02/2024	Describe the three coordinated movements between the thoracic wall and the thoracoabdominal diaphragm that increase intrathoracic dimensions (vol…
Published	11/02/2024	How does Quiet Inspiration occur?
Published	11/02/2024	How does Quiet Expiration occur?
Published	11/02/2024	Which muscles assist in Active (forced) inspiration respiration?
Published	11/02/2024	Which muscles assist in Active (forced) Expiration?
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Published	11/02/2024	the axillary lymph nodes are organized into {{c1::5}} groups:{{c1::pectoralsubscapularhumeralcentralapical}}
Published	11/02/2024	the {{c1::pectoral}} lymph nodes are located on the medial wall of the axilla adjacent to the pectoralis minor m. it drains lymph from {{c1::brea…
Published	11/02/2024	the {{c1::subscapular}} nodes lie near the subscapular vesselsthey drain lymph from the {{c1::posterior thoracic wall}} and {{c1::scapular region}}
Published	11/02/2024	the {{c1::humeral}} nodes are located on the lateral wall of the axilla adjacent to the axillary veinthey receive lymph from {{c1::the upper limb}}
Published	11/02/2024	the {{c1::central}} lymph nodes are located deep to the pectoralalis minor m.they collect lymph from the {{c1::humeral}}, {{c1::subscapular}}, and {{c…
Published	11/02/2024	the {{c1::apical}} nodes are located at the apex of the axillareceive lymph from {{c1::the other axillary nodes}} and those accompanying {{c1::cephali…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Bed of the breast}} – on the surface of the pectoral fascia, extends from rib 2-6 and thelateral border of the sternum to the midaxillary line
Published	11/02/2024	Retromammary space – potential space between pectoral fascia and breast tissue allowing {{c1::movement of breast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Axillary process}} – extension of mammary gland into the axilla that may enlarge during the menstrual cycle
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Suspensory ligaments}} – attachments between the mammary glands and the dermis of the skin
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Lactiferous ducts}} – independently drain the lobules of the mammary gland onto the nipple via a lactiferous sinus
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Lobules of mammary gland}} – functional portion of gland that contains milk
Published	11/02/2024	the breast receives arterial supply from perforating branches of the {{c1::internal thoracic}}, {{c1::lateral thoracic}}, {{c1::thoraco-acromial}}, an…
Published	11/02/2024	the breasts are innervated by the {{c1::anterior}} & {{c1::lateral}} cutaneous branches of the 4th–6th {{c1::intercostal}} nn
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