Notes in 3. Female Anatomy

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Published	02/10/2024	The female reproductive organs include the {{c1::uterus}}, {{c1::fallopian tubes}}, {{c1::vagina}} and {{c1::ovaries}}.
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Published	02/10/2024	What are the 3 layers of the uterus? {{c1::Perimetrium}}{{c1::Myometrium}}{{c1::Endometrium}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::lower}} segment of the uterus is opened during a caesarean delivery
Published	02/10/2024	The normal position of the uterus is ‘{{c1::anteflexed}}’ and ‘{{c1::anteverted}}’.
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::posterior}} vaginal fornix acts as a reservoir of semen after intravaginal ejaculation
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::posterior}} vaginal fornix communicates with the {{c2::rectouterine}} pouch
Published	02/10/2024	What are the four main ligaments found in the female reproductive system?{{c1::Ligament of ovary}}{{c1::Suspensory ligament of ovary}} {{c1::Round lig…
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::Cardinal}} ligament of the uterus is also known as {{c2::lateral cervical}} ligament or {{c2::Mackenrodt’s}} ligament
Published	02/10/2024	The four parts of the uterine/fallopian tube are:[1] {{c1::Infundibulum}}[2] {{c1::Ampulla}}[3] {{c1::Isthmus}}[4] {{c1::Intramural/Uterine Part}}
Published	02/10/2024	An {{c1::ectopic}} pregnancy occurs when the egg implants in the fallopian tube instead of the uterine endometrium
Published	02/10/2024	The two ligaments that support the Ovaries are:[1] From uterus to ovary ‒ {{c1::Ovarian Ligament}}[2] From ovary to lateral pelvic wall ‒ {{c1::Suspen…
Published	02/10/2024	The blood supply to the gonads and genitalia is via two major branches from the aorta:The {{c1::gonadal (ovarian/testicular)}} and {{c1::internal…
Published	02/10/2024	The ovarian arteries arise from {{c1::L2}}-{{c1::L3}} vertebral level
Published	02/10/2024	In females, the ovarian artery passes within the {{c1::suspensory}} ligament to supply the ovaries via the {{c1::broad}} ligament
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::left}} ovarian vein drains into the {{c1::left renal vein}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::right}} ovarian vein drains into the {{c1::inferior vena cava}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c2::uterine}} artery crosses over the {{c1::ureter}} at the level of ischial spine, junction of cervix and lateral part of fornix of vagina.&nbs…
Published	02/10/2024	The expression “water under the bridge” reminds us of an important anatomical relation to remember during the ligation of {{c1::uterine}} artery.
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Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::para-aortic}} and {{c1::lumbar}} lymph nodes drain the ovaries
Published	02/10/2024	The Breasts' deep surface is related to the following muscles:[1] {{c1::Pectoralis major}}[2] {{c1::Pectoralis minor}}[3] {{c1::Serratus anterior}}
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Published	02/10/2024	The main group of lymph nodes draining the breast tissue are:[1] {{c1::Parasternal}}[2] {{c1::Supraclavicular}}[3] {{c1::Pectoral}}[4] {{c1::Axillary}…
Published	02/10/2024	The lymph from the laternal quadrant of the breast tissue is drained by the {{c1::axillary}} lymph nodes
Published	02/10/2024	Stage:{{c1::Inactive}} breast
Published	02/10/2024	Stage:{{c1::Pregnancy}} breast
Published	02/10/2024	Stage:{{c1::Lactation}} breast
Published	02/10/2024	Phase of the Uterus{{c1::Secretory}}
Published	02/10/2024	Phase of the Uterus{{c1::Proliferative}}
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Published	02/10/2024	Identify1 ‒ {{c1::Primordial follicle}}2 ‒ {{c1::Primary follicle}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identify1 ‒ {{c1::Oocyte}}2 ‒ {{c1::Zona pellucida}}3 ‒ {{c1::Zona granulosa}}4 ‒ {{c1::Antrum containing Follicular fluid}}
Published	02/10/2024	Identify1 ‒ {{c1::Oocyte}}2 ‒ {{c1::Zona pellucida}}3 ‒ {{c1::Antrum containing Follicular fluid}}4 ‒ {{c1::Zona granulosa}}5 ‒ {{c1::Theca interna}}
Published	02/10/2024	The placenta is a feto-maternal organ.  It develops from the {{c1::trophoblast}} following implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine endome…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Foetal}} surface
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Maternal}} surface
Published	02/10/2024	Functions of the Placenta1. {{c1::Gaseous Exchange}}                &n…
Published	02/10/2024	During the {{c1::third}} stage of labour the placenta physiologically separates from the uterine wall
Published	02/10/2024	The umbilical {{c1::arteries}} carry deoxygenated blood from the foetal circulation to the placenta
Published	02/10/2024	The umbilical {{c1::veins}} carry oxygenated blood from placenta to foetal circulation
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::round ligament of the liver}} is an embryological remnant of the {{c2::umbilical vein}}
Published	02/10/2024	IdentifyStructure ‒ {{c1::Umbilical cord}}W ‒ {{c1::Whorton's Jelly}}
Published	02/10/2024	Which triangle is shown by the shaded orange area below?   {{c1::Urogenital}} triangle
Published	02/10/2024	Which triangle is shown by the shaded green area below?   {{c1::Anal}} triangle
Published	02/10/2024	The urogenital and anal triangles are separated by a bony prominence known as the {{c1::Ischial Tuberosity}}
Published	02/10/2024	All pelvic floor muscles are innervated by branches of the {{c1::Pudendal (S2-S4)}} nerve
Published	02/10/2024	Pelvic Floor Muscles[1] {{c1::External anal sphincter}}[2] {{c1::Superficial and Deep transverse perineal}}[3] {{c1::External urethral sphincter}}[4] …
Published	02/10/2024	The contents of the vulva (female external genitalia) are:   1. {{c1::Mons pubis}}     2. {{c1::Labia majora}}  &nb…
Published	02/10/2024	Mirroring the corpus {{c2::cavernosa}} in the male, the {{c1::clitoris}} is the erectile tissue found within the female external genitalia.
Published	02/10/2024	Remember that there is no equivalent of the corpus {{c1::spongiosum}} in females
Published	02/10/2024	The anal triangle is the area between the {{c1::ischial spines}} and {{c1::coccyx}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::ischioanal/ischiorectal}} fossa are two fat containing areas found lateral to the anal canal that allow it to expand during defaecation
Published	02/10/2024	A neurovascular bundle enters the ischio-anal fossa through the {{c2::lesser}} sciatic foramen containing:{{c1::Pudendal nerve}} and {{c1::Intern…
Published	02/10/2024	The breasts extend vertically from the {{c1::2nd/3rd}} rib to the {{c1::6th}} rib
Published	02/10/2024	The breasts extend transversely from the {{c1::sternal edge}} to the {{c1::midaxillary line}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::axillary tail/process}} is a part of the breast that extends to the axillary fossa
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::retromammary space/bursa}} helps give the breasts some of the movement capacity that they have.
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::2/3}} of the breast rests on the pectoral fascia covering {{c2::pectoralis major}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::1/3}} of the breast rests on the fascia covering {{c2::serratus anterior}}
Published	02/10/2024	The breasts are firmly attached to the dermis by the {{c1::suspensory ligament of cooper}}It also helps support the lobules of the gland
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::nipple}} is the prominence of the breast
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::aerola}} is the pigmented area around the nipple
Published	02/10/2024	Each breast contains {{c1::15}}-{{c1::20}} lobules of glandular tissue (parenchyma)
Published	02/10/2024	Each lobule in the breasts is drained by a {{c1::lactiferous}} duct which have a dilated portion called the {{c1::lactiferous}} sinus
Published	02/10/2024	The nipples are usually positioned at the {{c1::4th}} intercostal space
Published	02/10/2024	There are {{c1::sebaceous}} glands on the areola which secrete oily material that serve as a protective lubricant
Published	02/10/2024	The breast is divided into 4 quadrants:{{c1::Superolateral}} ‒ {{c1::Superomedial}} ‒ {{c1::Inferolateral}} ‒ {{c1::Inferomedial}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::axillary tail}} is an extension of breast tissue in the {{c2::supero-lateral}} quadrant
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Gynecomastia}} is enlargement of the breast tissue
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Athelia}} is absence of nipple{{c1::Amastia}} is absence of breast
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Polymastia}} is an extra breast{{c1::Polythelia}} is an extra nipple
Published	02/10/2024	Blood Supply of the Breasts[1] {{c1::Internal thoracic/mammary artery}} from Subclavian a.[2] {{c1::Lateral thoracic/mammary artery}} from Axillary a.…
Published	02/10/2024	The breast is innervated by the {{c1::anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the 4th to 6th intercostal}} nerves.
Published	02/10/2024	In the breasts, most lymph (more than 75%) from {{c1::lateral}} quadrants drains via the {{c2::axillary}} lymph nodes
Published	02/10/2024	In the breasts, some lymph may drain directly to {{c1::supraclavicular}} or {{c1::inferior cervical}} nodes
Published	02/10/2024	In the breasts, lymph from {{c2::medial}} quadrants drains into the {{c1::parasternal}} lymph nodes or to the {{c1::opposite breast}}
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::sentinel}} lymph node is the first lymph draining node that receives a type of tumour pathology
Published	02/10/2024	In the breasts, the {{c1::terminal duct lobular}} unit is the functional milk secretory component of the breast
Published	02/10/2024	Describe the following structure and the stage:{{c1::Breast tissue during Puberty}}
Published	02/10/2024	Describe the following structure and the stage:{{c1::Breast tissue during Pregnancy}}
Published	02/10/2024	Describe the following structure and the stage:{{c1::Breast tissue during Lactation}}
Published	02/10/2024	Diagnostic Methods of Breast Cancer• {{c1::Imaging – Mammography and Ultrasound }} • {{c1::Fine needle aspiration cytology}} • {{c1::Core biopsy}…
Published	02/10/2024	The production and secretion of milk is regulated by the hormones {{c1::prolactin}} and {{c1::oxytocin}}, which are secreted from the pituitary g…
Published	02/10/2024	The two fascial supports of the Uterus are the {{c1::lateral cervical/cardinal}} ligament and the {{c1::uterosacral}} ligament
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::round ligament of the uterus}} is a remnant of the {{c2::ovarian gubernaculum}}
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