Notes in S19 Basic Histology Lecture 10

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Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Antigen presenting cells}} (also called {{c2::dendritic cells}}) help mediate {{c3::adaptive immunity}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Innate}} immunity is immediate. There are nonspecific actions including {{c2::natural killer cells}} and physical barriers.{{c1::Adaptive}} immu…
Published	06/22/2023	Lymphoid tissue is classified as specialized {{c1::reticular connective}} tissue.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Primary lymphoid organs}} are sites of primary {{c2::lymphocyte production and maturation}}.Ex: {{c2::bone marrow}}, {{c1::thymus}}
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::B cells}} mediate {{c2::humoral immunity}} by giving rise to {{c3::plasma cells}} to synthesize {{c2::antibodies}}.
Published	06/22/2023	T cells mediate {{c1::cellular immunity}} against microorganisms.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Secondary lymphoid organs}} are where {{c2::immune responses occur}}.Ex: {{c1::Lymph nodes}}, {{c1::spleen}}, {{c2::MALT}}
Published	06/22/2023	All lymphoid tissue is derived from the {{c1::mesoderm}}, except the {{c2::thymus}} which is derived from the {{c1::mesoderm}} and {{c1::endoderm}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Lymphatic capillaries}} collect excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and return to the blood.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c2::Lymph}} is processed in the {{c1::lymph nodes}}. {{c1::Lymph nodes}} are interposed in the path of the large {{c2::lymphatic vessels}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The 2 large ducts lymphatic vessels converge to form are the {{c1::thoracic}} duct and right {{c1::lymphatic}} duct.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c2::Primary lymphoid nodules}} contain {{c1::immature B lymphocytes}}.
Published	06/22/2023	Primary nodules become secondary nodules in response to {{c1::antigen exposure}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c2::Secondary nodules}} contain extensive {{c1::B lymphocyte}} proliferation and differentiation
Published	06/22/2023	{{c2::B}} cells are primarily in the {{c1::lymphoid nodules}}{{c2::T}} cells are primarily in the {{c1::adjacent areas}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::M cells}} are specialized epithelial cells and located in the {{c2::dome epithelium}} of the {{c3::peyer patches}}. They take up {{c2::small par…
Published	06/22/2023	MALT is subdivided in to:{{c1::GALT}} - gut{{c1::BALT}} - bronchus{{c1::NALT}} - nose{{c1::VALT}} - vulvovaginal
Published	06/22/2023	Lymphnodes are derived from the {{c1::mesenchyme}}.
Published	06/22/2023	Main functions of the lymph nodes:1. {{c1::Filtration}} of lymph2. {{c2::production}} of lymphocytes3. {{c3::Synthesis}} of antiboies4. {{c4::Recircul…
Published	06/22/2023	Lymph Node Functions{{c2::Cortex}}: receives lymph from {{c1::afferent lymphatics}}{{c2::Paracortex}}: where most lymphocytes enter from {{c1::high en…
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::High endothelial venules}} help facilitate the rapid translocation of lymphocytes from {{c2::blood}} to {{c2::lymphoid tissue}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Thymosin}} and {{c1::thymopoietin}} are secreted by {{c2::ERCs (epithelial reticular cells)}}. They induce {{c2::T cell}} maturation and maintai…
Published	06/22/2023	The spleen is the only lymphoid organ involved in the {{c1::filtration of blood}}. It is involved in the production of {{c1::antibodies}} and {{c1::ac…
Published	06/22/2023	The spleen contains:{{c1::White}} Pulp: {{c2::Lymphoid nodules}}, {{c2::periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)}}{{c1::Red}} Pulp: Blood filled {{c3::s…
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths}} are in the {{c2::white}} pulp of the spleen and contain {{c2::T cells}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::production of lymphocytes}} happens in all lymphoid tissues and organs.
Published	06/22/2023	The appendix is a part of {{c1::MALT}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Tonsils}} are a collection of lymphoid nodules lined by {{c2::stratified squamous}} epithelium and are partially {{c2::encapsulated}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::thymic (Hassal's) corpuscle}} is in the thymus medulla. It stimulates {{c2::T cell}} production.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::B lymphocytes}} are produced in {{c2::bone marrow}} and predominate in the noules of MALT. They give rise to {{c2::memory}} and {{c2::effector}}…
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::T lymphocytes}} mature in the thymus and are stimulated by {{c2::TCR}} and either {{c2::CD4 OR CD8}}. They participate in {{c1::cellular}} immun…
Published	06/22/2023	MALT is supported by {{c1::loose reticular fibers}}. Cells in the lymphnode are kept together with {{c1::reticular fibers}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The spleen is involved in RBC {{c1::recycling}} and {{c1::storage}}. It is a {{c1::secondary}} lymphoid organ.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c2::Secondary}} lymphoid organs are locations of {{c1::immune response}}.
Published	06/22/2023	All secondary lymphoid organs contain {{c1::lymphoid nodules}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c2::CD8}} help stimulate {{c1::cytotoxic}} T cells. {{c2::CD4}} helps stimulate {{c1::helper}} T cells.
Published	06/22/2023	The spleen contains {{c1::sheathed}} arterioles.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::red pulp}} of the spleen is primarily made up of {{c2::splenic cords}} which contain lymphocytes.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::thymus}} develops less functionality and increasing amounts of adipose tissue with age.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Abnormal RBCs}} are removed from circulation in the {{c2::splenic cords in red pulp}}.
Published	06/22/2023	Lymph nodes swell  due to the formation of {{c1::germinal centers}} for {{c2::B cell proliferation}} in each node's cortex.
Published	06/22/2023	The path of the lymph:{{c1::Afferent lymph vessel}}{{c2::Subcapsular/marginal sinus}}{{c3::Cortical/trabecular sinus}}{{c4::Medullary sinus}}{{c5::Eff…
Published	06/22/2023	The lymph nodes consist primarily of the {{c1::medullary sinuses}} separated by the {{c2::medullary cords}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The landmark of spleen is {{c1::hemoacetylicin}} accumulation in the {{c2::macrophages}}.
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