Notes in Chapter_13:_Inflammation_and_Cytokines

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Published	07/07/2024	Vessel injury leads to exposed {{c1::collagen}}
Published	07/07/2024	Vessel injury leads to release of {{c1::platelet-activating}} factor and {{c2::tissue}} factor
Published	07/07/2024	When platelets bind to exposed collagen on endothelium, they release growth factors like {{c1::PDGF}}
Published	07/07/2024	PDGF leads to recruitment of {{c2::neutrophils}} and {{c1::macrophages}}
Published	07/07/2024	The cell type that plays the dominant role in wound healing is {{c1::macrophages}}
Published	07/07/2024	The key growth factor involved in wound healing is {{c1::PDGF}}
Published	07/07/2024	Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is not stored but generated by the enzyme {{c1::phospholipase}} in endothelium
Published	07/07/2024	The #1 factor to stimulate angiogenesis is {{c1::hypoxia}}
Published	07/07/2024	Growth factors that promote epithelialization include {{c1::PDGF}}, {{c2::EGF}}, and {{c3::FGF}}
Published	07/07/2024	Neutrophils last {{c1::1-2}} day(s) in tissues
Published	07/07/2024	Neutrophils last {{c1::7}} day(s) in blood
Published	07/07/2024	Platelets last {{c1::7}}-{{c1::10}} day(s)
Published	07/07/2024	The primary cell type involved in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions is {{c1::mast cells}}
Published	07/07/2024	The cell type that provides the main source of histamine in tissues is {{c1::mast cells}}
Published	07/07/2024	The cell type that provides the main source of histamine in blood is {{c1::basophils}}
Published	07/07/2024	Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are primarily driven by {{c1::histamine}}(histamine or bradykinin)
Published	07/07/2024	Angioedema is primarily driven by {{c1::bradykinin}}(histamine or bradykinin)
Published	07/07/2024	Bradykinin is inactivated by {{c1::angiotensin-converting}} enzyme
Published	07/07/2024	The amino acid precursor for nitric oxide is {{c1::arginine}}
Published	07/07/2024	Nitric oxide activates the guanylate cyclase enzyme, which causes increased {{c1::cGMP}}
Published	07/07/2024	Endothelin causes vascular smooth muscle {{c1::constriction}}
Published	07/07/2024	The main cytokines released in the initial response to injury and infection are {{c1::TNF-alpha}} and {{c1::IL-1}}
Published	07/07/2024	The cell type that produces the largest amount of TNF-alpha is {{c1::macrophages}}
Published	07/07/2024	The cell type that produces the largest amount of IL-1 is {{c1::macrophages}}
Published	07/07/2024	The cytokine repsonsible for fever is {{c1::IL-1}}
Published	07/07/2024	Atelectasis can cause fever due to the release of IL-1 by {{c1::alveolar macrophages}}
Published	07/07/2024	A cytokine that increases hepatic acute phase proteins is IL-{{c1::6}}
Published	07/07/2024	A cytokine that acts as a neutrophil chemotactant is IL-{{c1::8}}
Published	07/07/2024	A cytokine that decreases the inflammatory response is IL-{{c1::10}}
Published	07/07/2024	Interferons are typically released by {{c2::lymphocytes::cell type}} in response to {{c1::viral}} infections
Published	07/07/2024	IL-6 causes the liver to decrease synthesis of {{c3::albumin}}, {{c2::pre-albumin}}, and {{c1::transferrin}}
Published	07/07/2024	Rolling adhesion for leukocyte wall transmigration is mediated by {{c1::selectin}} molecules
Published	07/07/2024	Anchoring adhesion for leukocyte wall transmigration is mediated by {{c1::beta-2 integrin}} molecules on leukocytes
Published	07/07/2024	Factors C1, C2, and C4 are involved only in the {{c1::classic}} complement pathway
Published	07/07/2024	Factors B, D, and P are involved only in the {{c1::alternative}} complement pathway
Published	07/07/2024	The common factor and convergence point in the classic and alternative complement pathways is {{c1::C3}}
Published	07/07/2024	Is magnesium necessary for the classic or alternative complement pathway?{{c1::Both :)}}
Published	07/07/2024	The complement proteins that act as anaphylatoxins are {{c1::C3a}}, {{c1::C4a}}, and {{c1::C5a}}
Published	07/07/2024	The complement proteins C5b-C9b together form the {{c1::membrane attack complex (MAC)}}
Published	07/07/2024	The complement proteins that act as opsonins are {{c1::C3b}} and {{c1::C4b}}
Published	07/07/2024	The complement proteins involved in chemotaxis for inflammatory cells are {{c1::C3a}} and {{c1::C5a}}
Published	07/07/2024	Prostaglandins are produced by {{c1::cyclooxygenase}} enzymes from {{c2::arachidonic acid}} precursors
Published	07/07/2024	NSAIDs are {{c1::reversible}} inhibitors of cyclooxygenase enzymes(reversible or irreversible)
Published	07/07/2024	Aspirin is a(n) {{c1::irreversible}} inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes(reversible or irreversible)
Published	07/07/2024	Leukotrienes are produced by {{c1::lipoxygenase}} enzymes from {{c2::arachidonic acid}} precursors
Published	07/07/2024	The leukotriene that acts as a chemotactant for inflammatory cells is {{c1::LTB4}}
Published	07/07/2024	Catecholamines peak {{c1::24}}-{{c1::48}} hour(s) after injury
Published	07/07/2024	Free card {{c1:::)}}The "Miscellaneous" section of this chapterI don't think cards are needed over all of this. You can make your own if you want, but…
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