Notes in 02 Acute aortic syndrome

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Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome{{c1::Acute aortic syndrome}} represents a clinical spectrum of three related diseases that are characterized b…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeA defect primarily in the intima as a result of atherosclerotic lesion is {{c1::penetrating atheroscleroti…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeMedia defect with {{c2::vasa-vasorum}} hemorrhage into the wall describes {{c1::intramural hematoma}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeA defect in the {{c2::intima::layer}} where the blood enters and extends to {{c2::media::layer}} is the hallmar…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeA defect in all three layers (intima, media, and adventita}} is almost always due to trauma and is called an {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeTreatment of acute aortic syndrome depends primarily on the location:Ascending aorta → {{c1::surgery::surgery/m…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeAortic dissection occurs when there is a disruption of the {{c1::intima::intima/media/adventitia}} which allows…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome{{c1::Stanford B aortic dissection::Dx?}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeYellow arrow: {{c1::dissection flap}} in the ascending aorta Red arrow: moderate {{c2::hemopericardium&nbs…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIntramural hematoma is a variant of dissection where blood collects within the {{c1::media::layer}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIntramural hematoma may be secondary to {{c1::hypertension}} or {{c1::trauma}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeAn intramural hematoma in the ascending aorta requires {{c1::surgical}} treatment but in the descending aorta i…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeDx?{{c1::intramural hematoma}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIn {{c2::high}}-risk patients, {{c1::unenhanced}} phase is performed specifically for evaluation of intramural …
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromePenetrating atherosclerotic ulcer is a focal defect of the {{c1::intima::intima/media/adventitia}} that occurs …
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromePenetrating athersclerotic ulcer may lead to {{c1::saccular aneurysm}} formation.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromePenetrating atherosclerotic ulcer is caused by {{c1::atherosclerosis}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeDx?{{c1::penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeWhen one penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer is seen, imaging of the {{c1::thoracoabdominal::thoracic/abdominal/b…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeThe most common risk factor for aortic dissection is {{c1::hypertension}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeA Stanford type A aortic dissection involves the {{c1::ascending::ascending/descending}} aorta. Its treatment i…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeA Stanford type B aortic dissection involves the {{c1::non-ascending}} aorta and treatment is typically {{c1::m…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeAortic dissection secondary to atherosclerosis is more commonly type {{c1::B (descending aorta}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIntramural hematoma and aortic dissection both have similar presentation of acute {{c1::tearing::quality}} back…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeEvaluation of intramural hematoma in {{c2::low}}-risk patients, {{c1::CTA}} of the chest is monitored by the ra…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeAn ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque represents {{c1::chronic atherosclerotic}} disease and {{c1::is not::is/is …
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIn aortic dissection, the {{c1::true::true/false}} lumen is often {{c2::smaller::larger/smaller}} with outer wa…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIn aortic dissection, the {{c1::false::true/false}} lumen is often the larger lumen and has {{c1::lower::higher…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIn aortic dissection, the {{c1::false::true/false}} lumen can become thrombosed, with {{c2::beak}} sign and {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeStanford {{c2::B}} refers to aortic dissection that starts at the aortic arch between the {{c1::brachiocephalic…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIntramural hematoma: A {{c1::ulcer}}like projection is focal contrast enhancement extending from the aortic lum…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIntramural hematoma: An intramural {{c1::blood pool}} also represents focal contrast enhancement within an IMH …
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromePAU differs from an ulcerlike projection in that the latter is a consequence of an {{c1::IMH}} and therefore is…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome Standford B aortic dissection {{c1::does not::does/does not}} involve the ascending aorta.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeStandford B aortic dissections {{c1::do not::do/do not}} result in organ ischemia.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIntramural hematomas {{c1::do not::do/do not}} have an intimal flap to connect the intramural hematoma with the…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIntramural hematoma is likely due to rupture of the {{c1::vasa vasorum}}, small blood vessels that supply the a…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIn evaluation of acute aortic syndrome, first-line imaging is CT and includes:a) {{c1::noncontrast chest CT&nbs…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIn evaluation of acute aortic syndrome, if the patient is {{c1::stable::stable/unstable}} and cannot get {{c1::…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome{{c1::Aortic dissection::diagnosis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome1. {{c1::Intima}} is disrupted, typically by an {{c2::ulcerative plaque}}, {{c3::trauma}}, or {{c4::aneurysm}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome2. An {{c1::intimomedial flap}} is created
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome3. The media is "{{c1::dissected}}" and expanded by either the {{c1::false lumen}} or {{c1::intramural hematoma…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome4. blood flow is {{c1::slower::faster/slower}} in the false lumen, leading to {{c1::thrombosis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome5. Blood exits the false lumen via a {{c1::re-entry tear}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIn an aortic dissection, the pressure differential created by the {{c1::re-entry tear}} contributes to the comp…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome1. Rupture of {{c1::vasa vasorum}} creates cresent-shaped hemorrhage within the {{c1::media::layer}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome2. There may be associated {{c1::aneurysm}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIntramural hematoma can be thought of as a {{c1::noncommunicating::communicating/noncommunicating}} dissection
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIn an intramural hematoma the {{c1::intima::layer}} is always intact.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeFindings: {{c1::crescentic}} -shaped hemorrhageDiagnosis: {{c1::Intramural hematoma}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeThe key imaging finding of intramural hematoma is a {{c1::peripheral::central/peripheral}} hyperattenuating ({{…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIntramural hematomas are best seen on {{c1::noncontrast::contrast/noncontrast}} CT.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome{{c1::Displaced intimal calcification}} is another important imaging feature of an intramural hematoma, and bes…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeAn ulcerlike projection associated with an intramural hematoma has a {{c1::poor}} prognosis.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeAn intramural blood pool associated with an intramural hematoma has {{c1::unclear}} prognosis.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome1. {{c1::Atherosclerotic plaque}} penetrates the intima
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome2. Atherosclerotic plaque {{c1::ulcerates::verb}}, allowing blood to extend into the {{c1::media}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndrome3. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer may cause the {{c1::media::layer}} to enlarge, leading to {{c1::aneurysm}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeImages of 2 different patients show multiple {{c1::ulcers}}Diagnosis: {{c1::penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer&n…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeOn imaging, {{c1::penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer::penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer/ ulcerated atherosclerot…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Acute aortic syndromeIn addition to hypertension, other risk factors for aortic dissection include: {{c1::connective tissue}} d…
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