Notes in 03 Fungal Lung Infections:

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis: {{c1::Noncontagious}} {{c1::Opportunistic}} infections Caused by species of {{c1::aspergillus}}Inhaled as {{c2::mold condia}}…
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis: Etiology and epidemiology:Ubiquitous in the environment:Soil, air, water, human habitatAssociated with {{c1::decaying}} matterGrowth in…
Published	06/26/2023	Asperigillus: Most common pathogens:{{c1::A. Fumagatus-}} most common{{c1::A flavus}}- 2nd most A nigerA terreusMay be reported as aspergullus sp…
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis: Tissue sampes:{{c1::Septate}} hyphae{{c1::Dichototmously}} branched {{c1::45}} degree hyphaeCharacteristic conidia- dx
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis Syndrome:Invasive Disease:Progression of infection across tissue planeshallmark of invasive disease: vasc. invasion w/ subsequent infarc…
Published	06/26/2023	Syndromes: Disseminated Disease: spread to multiple different organs Abscesses {{c1::Central nervous system }}{{c1::Kidney }}LiverMyoca…
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis: Syndromes: {{c1::Endocarditis}}:{{c2::Cardiac surgurey}}- infection occurs at the time of surgery- sx onset p/o {{c2::IV drug}} us…
Published	06/26/2023	Syndromes: Aspergilloma: {{c1::Fungus}} ball: {{c1::Matted Hyphae}} and debris Cavity in upper lobeSx:{{c2::Cough }}Hemoptysis Dys…
Published	06/26/2023	Syndromes: Aspergilloma:Fungus ball {{c1::Matted hypahe}} and debris{{c1::Cavity}} in upper lobeSx:{{c1::Cough}}HemoptysisDyspnea{{c2::Weight los…
Published	06/26/2023	Syndromes:Allergic Broncopulmonary Aspergillosis (APBA) Mucoid impaction of bronchi, eosinophilic pnemonia, bronchocentric granulomatosisSuperimo…
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis: DX:Definitive dx: {{c1::Bx}}- Culture of {{c1::aspergillus SPP}} in + evidence of {{c1::tissue invasion }}Bx often not fesible due…
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis: Imaging Dx:CXR{{c1::Miliary}} pattern may be seenCT{{c1::Halo}} signs- Nodules with surrounding hypoattenuaion- suggestive of {{c2::inv…
Published	06/26/2023	Invasive Aspergillosis: Tx:IV {{c1::Amphotericin B}}Oral {{c1::Itraconazole}} is effective in some casesAddition of {{c2::rifampin }} or&nbs…
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis: Endocarditis: Tx:{{c1::Chemotherapy}} plus valve repairLocal Invasive Disease:Systemic or local {{c1::chemotherapy}}{{c2::Surgical exci…
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis Tx:Pleural disease:Locally instilled nystatin, {{c1::amphotericin}}, or {{c1::miconazole}}Allergic Disease:Systemic {{c2::Glucocorticoid…
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis Prevention:Prophylaxis of susceptible patients:Intranasal, inhaled, or systmeic {{c1::antifungals}}Reducing {{c1::airborne spores}}
Published	06/26/2023	Aspergillosis Summary chart
Published	06/26/2023	Coccidiomycosis:Caused by the fungus {{c1::Coccidiodes immitis}}Acute benign asx or self limiting respiratory infectionOcaisonally disseminates
Published	06/26/2023	Coccidiomycosis: Etiology:{{c1::Dimorphic Ascomycete}}Inhaled conidia convert  at {{c1::98 degrees}} to large tissue - invasive spherulesReleased…
Published	06/26/2023	Coccidioidomycosis: epidemiology:Recovered from soil in {{c1::desert regions}}Endemic in {{c2::southwestern usa}}, Central America, Argnetina{{c1::Val…
Published	06/26/2023	Coccidiomycosis: Incidence:Annual risk is 3%Intense {{c1::exposure}}- majority exposed- Arheology sites, military maneuversincreasing in {{c1::arizona…
Published	06/26/2023	Pathogensis and pathology of coccidiomycosis:acute, subacute, or chronic g{{c1::ranulomatous reaction}}Acute inflammationFocal pneumonia{{c1::Hematoge…
Published	06/26/2023	Clinical manifestations of coccidioidomycosisUsually {{c1::self limited}} pulmonary syndromeMinority develop {{c1::chronic}} or {{c1::progressive}} fo…
Published	06/26/2023	Coccidiomycosis: Primary pulmonary infection:Usually {{c1::asx}}Incubation {{c1::5-21}} daysSx: {{c2::FeverCoughChest painChills}}Physical signs …
Published	06/26/2023	Clinical Manifestation: Pulmonary infection: Radiographs:No abnormalities{{c1::Pulmonary infiltrate}}s → Segmental, lobarResolved lesions → {{c1::coin…
Published	06/26/2023	997b12459bc84101a517bfd179ede1fd-oa-1
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Published	06/26/2023	997b12459bc84101a517bfd179ede1fd-oa-3
Published	06/26/2023	Clinical Manifestations of Coccidiomycosis:Extrapulmonary dissemination: {{c2::weeks, months, or years}}more common in {{c2::men}}Risk factros:{{c1::H…
Published	06/26/2023	Clinical Manifestation: Coccidiomycosis: {{c1::Extrapulmonary dissemination}} :Fever, anorexia, Weightloss, Weakness+/- {{c1::Cyanosis}}, d{{c1::yspne…
Published	06/26/2023	Clinical Manifestations: Extrapulmonary Dissemination: CoccidiomycosisLocation of focal lesions:{{c1::Skin, joints, Bones, Subcutaneous, viscera, brai…
Published	06/26/2023	Coccidiomycosis: Diagnosis:Culturevisualizing spherulesBx{{c1::Complement fixation}}- Most useful test → IgG anticoccidioidal Antibodies
Published	06/26/2023	Coccidiomycosis: Tx:Primary Pulmonary infection- {{c1::uncecessary i}}n low risk patients Residual Cavities{{c1::Surgical resection}}Mild to mode…
Published	06/26/2023	Coccidiomycosis: Tx: Severe nonmeningeal extrapulmonary involvement{{c1::IV amphotericin B}}Prophylaxis tx for aids:AzoleWeekly IV amphotericin B
Published	06/26/2023	Coccidioides Summary
Published	06/26/2023	{{c1::Histoplasmosis}}:Most common endemic systmemic mycosis in USCaused by {{c1::Histoplasma Capsulatum}}AsxSelf limiting I{{c2::nfuenza type A}} res…
Published	06/26/2023	Histoplasmosis Epidemiology:Occurs worldwide{{c1::Tropical}} And {{c1::temperate}} zones Endemic Areas in {{c1::US- Ohio, mississippi, tennesee, …
Published	06/26/2023	Histoplasmosis:Infection occurs inhalation of soil or dust contaminated with bird or bat droppingsSevere disease after {{c1::heavy exposure}}More comm…
Published	06/26/2023	Histoplasmosis Pathogenisis:Aerosolized microconidia inhaled into lungsConverted to yeast formPhagocytized by macrophages{{c1::L3T4+}} cells critical …
Published	06/26/2023	Histoplasmosis: Pathogenesis Cont:Impaired {{c1::cell mediated immunity}}{{c1::Mononuclear phagocyre}} system unable to contain infectionViable organi…
Published	06/26/2023	Histoplasmosis Pathology:Immune competent hostDevelpment of yeast is rareWell developed {{c1::granulomas}}Limited diseaseCompromsied Macrophages …
Published	06/26/2023	Histoplasmosis: Clinical Manifestations:Acute Primary Histoplasmosis: Usually asxIf sx:{{c1::FeverChillsHeadacheNonproductive cough}}Pleuritic su…
Published	06/26/2023	Clinical Manifestations: Acute Primary histoplasmosis:Extrapulmonary signs and sx:{{c1::Arthralgia}}E{{c2::rythema nodosum}}E{{c2::rythema multiforme}…
Published	06/26/2023	Acute primary histoplasmosis: Complications:Acute pericarditisTracheal, bronchial, or esophageal obstruction{{c1::Esophageal diverticuliBronchoesophag…
Published	06/26/2023	Clincial Manifestation: Progressive Disseminated histoplasmosis{{c1::Hematogenous}} spread: Not controlled by normal cell mediated host defense mechan…
Published	06/26/2023	Progressive Disseminated histoplasmosis: Continued:Sx: fatigue, weakness, malaise{{c1::Addison's}} disease:uncommon Potentially serious
Published	06/26/2023	Progressive disseminated Histoplasmosis (contiued) - Severe manifestations occur most often in {{c2::infants}} and {{c2::immunocompromised}} ptsDefini…
Published	06/26/2023	Histoplasmosis: Clinical Manifestations:{{c1::Chronic Cavitary}}:Pulmonary lesions- {{c2::Apical}}, resemble {{c2::TB}}{{c1::Pneumonitis s}}tage{{c3::…
Published	06/26/2023	Histoplasmosis: Diagnosis:Varies depending on syndromeUsually based on demonstrating h. Capsulatum by culture or histopathological studies- characteri…
Published	06/26/2023	Primary Pulomary histoplasmosis:Suspected on clinical, radiographic, and epidemiologic clues {{c1::Elevated compliment fixation titer}} provides …
Published	06/26/2023	330c1f5e7a1c458e879685231bb5389e-oa-1
Published	06/26/2023	330c1f5e7a1c458e879685231bb5389e-oa-2
Published	06/26/2023	Treatment Primary Pulmonary Histoplasmosis:No treatment requiredSevere or progressive infection{{c1::Amphotericin}} B, {{c1::Ketoconazole}}, {{c1::itr…
Published	06/26/2023	Treatment Chronic Pulmonary histoplamosis: pneumonitic form- usually resloves spontaneouslyProgressive or marching cavitary disease:{{c1::Amphotericin…
Published	06/26/2023	Disseminated Histoplasmosis:{{c1::Amphotericin B}}- drug of choice {{c1::Itraconazole}}AIDS Prophylaxisitraconazolefluconazole
Published	06/26/2023	Histoplasmosis summary
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