Notes in 04 G+ Spore Bacilli

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Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium species are {{c1::obligate anaerobes::O2 requirement}} that form {{c2::endospores}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Clostridium spp. }} have spores that are usually {{c2::wider}} than diameter of the rods in which they are formed
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Clostridium tetani}} have a {{c2::racket-shaped}} bacili appearance due to {{c3::terminal spores}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Clostridium spp. aside from tetani}} have a {{c2::subterminal spores}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Clostridium spp.}}Culture: {{c2::Blood enriched-media}}O2 Requirement: {{c3::Anaerobes, a few species are aerotolerant}}
Published	07/30/2024	Morphology of Clostridia spp.{{c1::C. perfringens}}: {{c2::Large raised colonies; double zone of beta hemolysis::also give hemolysis}}{{c3::C. te…
Published	07/30/2024	These are 5 portals of entry to look for when suspecting Tetanus{{c1::Deep puncture woundDental cariesChronic otitis mediaUmbilical stumpsSeptic abort…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tetanospasmin}} toxin of Clostridium tetani degrades {{c2::synaptobrevin::protein}} which blocks the release of {{c3::glycine and GABA::NTs…
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium tetani causes {{c1::spastic::spastic/flaccid}} paralysis
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Strychnine poisoning}} is the other primary differential diagnosis of tetanus
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Clostridium tetani::Bacteria}} Diagnosis:{{c1::Only clinical findings: Risus sardonicus, Lockjaw, Ophistotonus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium tetani DOC: {{c1::Metronidazole or Pen-G-Na}} + Tetanus immune globulin
Published	07/30/2024	DPT vac for Clostridium tetani Prevention is given at {{c1::6, 10, 14 weeks}} then Booster given at {{c1::18 months and 4-6 years old}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium botulinum Toxin Types {{c1::A, B, and E}} are the most common in human illness but Type {{c1::F}} is the principal cause of illness
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium botulinum Clinical Findings in Infants:{{c1::Floppy baby syndrome and SIDS}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium botulinum Clinical Findings in Adults:{{c1::Progressive paralysis of striated muscleDiplopia, dysphagia, ptosisBulbar paralysisRespir…
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium botulinum DOC: {{c1::Trivalent antitoxin (Types A,B,E)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Clostridium perfringens::Bacteria}} Clinical Findings:{{c1::Gas gangreneAnaerobic cellulitisEnteritis necroticans (pigbel)Clostridial endom…
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin is heat-{{c1::labi::labi/stab}}le
Published	07/30/2024	High amounts of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin causes cell death by {{c1::oncosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Low amounts of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin causes cell death by {{c1::apoptosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium perfringens DOC: {{c1::Penicillin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enterotoxin of {{c1::Clostridium perfringens}} binds to {{c2::claudins 3-4::protein}} in the plasma membrane of the {{c3::low SI enterocytes::cel…
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium perfringens Major Degradative Enzymes: {{c1::DNase, Hyaluronidase}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Clostridium perfringens::Bacteria}} Diagnosis:{{c1::Thioglycollate medium to confirm anaerobic presence(+) Nagler/Lecithinase ReactionDoubl…
Published	07/30/2024	How does Clostridium perfringens show a (+) Nagler reaction or lecithinase test?{{c1::PRECIPITATE around colonies on egg yolk media}}
Published	07/30/2024	When using {{c1::Ampicillin, clindamycin, and cephalosporins::3 Antibiotics}}, always be on the look out for {{c2::Clostridium difficile}} infect…
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium difficile toxins and their effects {{c1::Toxin A (weak enterotoxin)}} - {{c2::Excessive fluid secretion}}{{c1::Toxin B (potent cytotoxin)}…
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium difficile Diagnosis{{c1::Toxin A and B demonstration from stool (ELISA, C. Diff Quik Chek Complete, Lateral flow immunochromatographic rap…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::Clostridium difficile::Bacteria}} {{c2::Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Agar (CCFA)}} selective Culture Presentation: {{c1::Yellow and …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Clostridium difficile::Bacteria}} Clinical Findings:{{c1::Pseudomembranous colitis (Raised, adherent, yellow plaques ranging from 2-10 mm i…
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from Metronidazole and Vancomycin, what other ancillary treatments do you give in px with Clostridium difficile?{{c1::Withdraw the offending ant…
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium difficile DOC: {{c1::Oral metronidazole or vancomycin}}
Published	07/30/2024	the two representative bacillus species are {{c1::non-m::non-m/m}}otile
Published	07/30/2024	Bacillus anthracis usually causes diseases in {{c1::herbivores (goats, sheep, cattle, horses)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The presence of a {{c1::capsule}} makes Bacillus anthracis virulent
Published	07/30/2024	3 Major Toxins of Bacillus anthracis and their roles{{c1::Protective Antigen (PA) - Mediates entry of toxin complexEdema Factor (EF) - Adeny…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pulmonary/Inhalational}} anthrax consists of 5% of cases and is common in woolsorter's disease
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Injection}} anthrax is characterized by extensive, painless, subcutaneous edema with no eschars
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Gastrointestinal}} antrax is rare and clinical signs include abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cutaneous}} anthrax makes up 95% of cases
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Cutaneous Anthrax::Bacteria/Disease}} Clinical Findings{{c1::Pruritic papule → Malignant pustule with central black eschar. lymphangitis, lympha…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Inhalational Anthrax::Bacteria/Disease}} Clinical Findings{{c1::hemorrhagic necrosis and edema (pleural effusion) of the mediastinum w/ substern…
Published	07/30/2024	Bacillus anthracis Diagnosis:{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bacillus anthracis DOC: {{c1::Pen G + Gentamicin or Streptomycin + Raxibacumab}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bacillus anthracis Prohylaxis: {{c1::Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline for 60 days + 3 doses of BioThrax}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Emetic}} Type of Bacillus cereus food poisoning is secondary to {{c2::starchy}} dishes
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Emetic}} Type of Bacillus cereus food poisoning is caused by a plasmid encoded preformed cyclic peptide
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Diarrheal}} Type of Bacillus cereus food poisoning is secondary to {{c2::Meaty and Saucy}} dishes
Published	07/30/2024	Diarrheal Type Bacillus cereus Food poisoning Clinical FindingsDiarrhea after {{c1::24 hours::time frame}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bacillus cereus food poisoning Diagnosis{{c1::10^5 bacteria or more per gram of food when present in px's stool}}
Published	07/30/2024	Other Bacillus cereus infections include{{c1::Eye infections Infection due to keratitis and ophthalmitis. Induced by foreign body and traumaEndocardit…
Published	07/30/2024	Bacillus cereus DOC: {{c1::Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Aminoglycoside}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bacillus cereus Resistant Drugs: {{c1::penicillin & cephalosphorins}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bacillus cereus DOC for wounds: {{c1::Ciprofloxacin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Representative Gram (+) Spore forming bacilli{{c1::BacillusClostridium}}
Published	07/30/2024	the two representative bacillus species are {{c1::a::ana/a}}erobic
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bacillus}} Culture Presentation: {{c2::Cut-glass appearance}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bacillus Gelatin Stab Presentation: {{c1::Inverted fir tree}}
Published	07/30/2024	The spores of Bacillus anthracis are located in the {{c1::center}} of the cell
Published	07/30/2024	What happens when Bacillus anthracis enters susceptible animals?{{c1::Capsule is not affected and it is surrounded by proteinaceous fluid co…
Published	07/30/2024	What happens when Bacillus anthracis enters resistant animals?{{c1::Massive accumulation of leukocytes and capsules gradually disintegrate b…
Published	07/30/2024	What else can you do to reverse the progression of an anthrax infection after antibiotics?{{c1::NOTHING LOL. Antibiotic therapy does not change the na…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Speed of appearance of symptoms1. Cutaneous Anthrax2. Inhalational Anthrax{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Emetic Type Bacillus cereus Food poisoning Clinical FindingsVomiting after {{c1::1-5 hours::time frame}}
Published	07/30/2024	the four representative clostridium species are {{c1::ana::ana/a}}erobic
Published	07/30/2024	What is the main factor of spore germination in Clostridium spp?{{c1::Oxygenation}}
Published	07/30/2024	These are sources to look for when suspecting Botulinum poisoning{{c1::Canned or vacuum packed foods without adequate sterilizationSmoked fishHoney (E…
Published	07/30/2024	Can you heat food to kill Clostridium botulinum and is to safe to eat?{{c1::The spores are heat resistant and will stay but the toxin is heat-labile}}
Published	07/30/2024	Botulinum toxin of Clostridium tetani degrades {{c2::SNARE proteins::protein}} which blocks the release of {{c3::Ach::NTs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium botulinum causes {{c1::flaccid::spastic/flaccid}} paralysis
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium botulinum Diagnosis{{c1::Toxin detection and neutralization}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium botulinum form in serum: {{c1::NONE because The bacteria and its toxin are found in the feces but not in the serum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from antitoxin, what other ancillary treatments do you give in px with botulinum poisoning?{{c1::Ventilatory support}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from antitoxin, what other ancillary treatments do you give in px with tetanus?{{c1::benzodiazepines for muscle relaxation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens produces cytokines that reduce production of {{c1::granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)…
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium perfringens vegetative cells are normal members of the flora of the {{c1::colon and vagina}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Alpha}} toxin is the most toxic extracellular enzyme of C. perfringens
Published	07/30/2024	Clostridium perfringens spore count for diagnosis: {{c1::NONE BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT REGULARLY PRESENT}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from Penicillin, what other ancillary treatments do you give in px with Clostridium perfringens infection?{{c1::Prompt surgical debridement and …
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