Notes in 05 Local Anesthesia

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	T or FFor regional anesthesia, essential vital signs are also monitored{{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Site of action local anesthesia 1. CNS 2. PNS {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Consciousness effect of general anesthesia 1. Lost 2. Unaltered {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Not possible to be used in non-cooperative patients1. General anesthesia2. Local anesthesia {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Minor surgery1. General anesthesia2. Local anesthesia {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Major surgery1. General anesthesia2. Local anesthesia {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Safer1. General anesthesia2. Local anesthesia {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Essential care for vital function1. General anesthesia2. Local anesthesia {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Incas (South America) chew {{c1::coca}} leaves and spit them on wound edges for a primitive style of burr hole or trepanation
Published	07/30/2024	First anesthetic to be discovered and naturally occuring {{c1::Cocaine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cocaine was isolated from coca leaves in 1855 by {{c1::Gaedicke}} and was purified in 1860 by {{c2::Albert Niemann}}
Published	07/30/2024	Carl Koller did the first {{c1::eye}} surgery in humans using cocaine as a local anesthetic
Published	07/30/2024	The first synthetic derivative of cocaine, ester-type{{c1::Procaine (novocaine)}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Epinephrine2. Duration of local anesthetics{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Ester-type local anesthetic1. Procaine2. Lidocaine{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Amide-type local anesthetic1. Procaine2. Lidocaine{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Local anesthetics (LA) works by {{c2::reversibly::Reversible or Irreversible}} binding to the {{c1::alpha}} subunit of the voltage gated sodium channe…
Published	07/30/2024	Local anesthetics produce anesthesia by {{c1::inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or blocking conduction}} in peripheral nerves
Published	07/30/2024	Local anesthetics act on the {{c1::open inactivated}} state of the sodium channels
Published	07/30/2024	Local anesthetics bind to the open inactivated form of the Na channel from the {{c1::CYTOPLASMIC}} side of the neuronal membrane
Published	07/30/2024	Tetrodotoxin (from pufferfish), saxitoxin (from shellfish), and scorpion toxin block the Na channel from the {{c1::OUTER}} surface of the neuronal mem…
Published	07/30/2024	Three main structural components of local anesthetics{{c1::Aromatic ring (afraid water)Ester or Amide linkageTerminal amine (love water)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The chemical composition of these different parts determines their {{c1::pharmacologic}} properties
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Two I in name 1. Ester2. Amide {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Renal excretion 1. Ester2. AMide{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Topical local anesthesia 1. Ester2. Amide{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Regional blockade1. Ester2. Amide{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. PABA allergic reactions1. Ester2. Amide{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Slower metabolism 1. Ester2. Amide{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Plasma cholinesterase1. Ester2. Amide{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Can be autoclaved1. Ester2. Amide{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Longer acting1. Ester2. Amide{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Unstable1. Ester2. Amide{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Topical anesthetics for the gums prior to injection{{c1::Benzocaine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Topical eye anesthetic{{c1::Proparacaine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Why is motor action last to be inhibited by nerve block/{{c1::Large diameter nerve}}
Published	07/30/2024	Arrange in order ff. sensations of first to be inhibited by local anesthtics (Touch and pressure; temperature; motor; pain){{c1::Pain >  Tempe…
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Fiber size2. Sensitivity to LA {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Myelination2. Sensitivity to LA {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nerve fiber type for pain {{c1::Type C dorsal root }}
Published	07/30/2024	Nerve fiber type for Preganglionic{{c1::Type B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nerve fiber type for pain and temperature{{c1::Type A delta}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nerve fiber type for Muscle{{c1::Type A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nerve fiber type for Touch and pressure{{c1::Type A beta}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nerve fiber type for Proprioception and motor{{c1::Type A alpha}}
Published	07/30/2024	Arrange the nerve fibers type in order of decreasing diameter{{c1::Type A alpha > Type A beta > Type A > Type A delta > Type B > Type C…
Published	07/30/2024	Arrange the nerve fibers type in order of Decreasing myelination{{c1::Type A alpha > Type A beta > Type A > Type A delta > Type B > Typ…
Published	07/30/2024	Arrange the nerve fibers type in order of increasing sensitivity to LA{{c1::Type A alpha > Type A beta > Type A > Type A delta > Type B &g…
Published	07/30/2024	Why are preganglionic fibers susceptible to LAs?{{c1::Small diameter}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Sensitivity to LA 1. Type Aδ2. Type Aα{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Sensivity to LAs1. Type A delta2. Type C{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Onset of LA effect1. Autonomic2. Sensory {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Faster onset action 1. Non-ionized2. Ionized {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Low pKa2. Rapidity Onset of action {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	LA with fastest onset action {{c1::Lidocaine}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Form to interact with Na channel 1. Unionized form 2. Ionized form {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Local anesthetics in the presence of greater non-ionized forms have faster onset of action because {{c1::it will enter through the cytoplasmic membran…
Published	07/30/2024	T or FThe farther the pKa to physiological pH, the faster the onset {{c1::False, closer to be unionized and cross membrane faster}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. NaHCO32. Rapidity of onset action {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Why would it take longer for LA to have an effect on infected tissue?{{c1::Highly acidic, more ionized form}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Blood flow 2. Absorption of LA{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1., Vascularity at site 2. Absorption {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fastest rate of absorption site{{c1::Intercostal}}
Published	07/30/2024	Greatest reservoir for local anesthetic{{c1::Muscle}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Lipid solubility 2. Tissue binding {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Lipid solubility 2. Absorption {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ester biotransformation Enzyme metabolism: {{c1::Pseudocholinesterase}}Excretion: {{c1::Urine }}
Published	07/30/2024	Amide biotransformation Enzyme metabolism: {{c1::P-450}}Organ metabolized: {{c1::Liver}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rate of amide metabolism (LIdocaine; ropivacaine;prilocaine; bupivacaine; mepivacaine){{c1::prilocaine > lidocaine > mepivacaine > ropivacain…
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Dose of LA2. DUration of block {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Reduced absorption 2. Quality of analgesia{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. Vasoconstriction 2. Duration of action block {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Used to determine if the partial anesthesia will spread in the intrathecal space{{c1::Baricity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Spinal level of isobaric LA{{c1::L3-L4}}
Published	07/30/2024	Spinal level of hyperbaric LA{{c1::Thoracic level}}
Published	07/30/2024	First system affected by LA toxicity {{c1::CNS}}
Published	07/30/2024	LA systemic toxicity At first, begins with CNS signs / Prodromal Symptoms (numbness, tinnitus, confusion) → CNS {{c1::excitation}} → CNS {{c1::de…
Published	07/30/2024	Lidocaine Toxicity Symptoms{{c1::Slurred speechAltered CNSMuscle twitchingSeizure}}
Published	07/30/2024
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. LA concentration 2. Toxicity {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. LA potency 2. Toxicity {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. LA acidosis2. Toxicity {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FLA only bind to voltage gated Na channel {{c1::False }}
Published	07/30/2024	CNS effect of LA {{c1::Increase excitability initally but depression after}}
Published	07/30/2024	Heart effect of LA{{c1::Decreased automaticity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cauda equina syndrome theorized cause from LA?{{c1::caused by preservatives in the anesthesia}}
Published	07/30/2024	CNS effect of LA Early:{{c1::Oral numbnessTongue paresthesiaDizzinessBlurred vision Tinitius}}Excitatory:{{c1::AgitationNervousnessSeizureGa…
Published	07/30/2024	ANS LA effect on vessels{{c1::Vasodilation > Decreased preload > Decreased SV > Hypotension}}
Published	07/30/2024	All local anesthetics depress myocardial automaticity (Phase {{c1::4}} Depolarization
Published	07/30/2024	Which part of cardiac depolarization muscle phase is prolonged by LA?{{c1::refractory period}}
Published	07/30/2024	Major cardiovascular toxicity requires {{c1::3}}x the local anesthetic concentration in the blood to produce seizures
Published	07/30/2024	All LAs are vasodilators EXCEPT {{c1::Cocaine}}
Published	07/30/2024	How does Epi prevent hypotension ? Considering most LA cause hypotension {{c1::It is a vasoconstrictor reverses hypotensive effect by prolonging …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lidocaine}} depresses the hypoxic drive (ventilatory response to low PaO2)
Published	07/30/2024	Can use IV {{c1::Lidocaine}} to block reflex bronchoconstriction during intubation
Published	07/30/2024	Commonly used for cataract surgery{{c1::Proparacaine}}
Published	07/30/2024	For patients who are scared of injection{{c1::EMLA: Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic}}
Published	07/30/2024	For simple incision{{c1::Local Infiltration (Injection)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Local anesthetics act on the {{c1::nociceptors}} and the {{c1::dorsal root}} of the spine
Status	Last Update	Fields