Notes in Case 1: Anemias and Hemoglobinopathies

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	12/13/2023	This picture shows {{c1::basophilic stippling::RBC abnormality}}, which is indicative of {{c2::lead poisoning}} or {{c2::thalassemia}}
Published	12/13/2023	What hematologic abnormality is shown in the image below?
Published	12/13/2023	Lead (Pb) poisoning leads to inhibition of the enzymes {{c1::δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase}} and {{c2::ferrochelatase}} (heme synthesis)
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Anemia}} is defined as a reduction in circulating red blood cell (RBC) mass
Published	12/13/2023	What measurement is used to classify anemia as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic? {{c1::Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Micro}}cytic {{c2::sideroblastic}} anemia may be caused by {{c1::lead}} poisoning
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::α}}-thalassemia is usually due to gene {{c1::deletions}}
Published	12/14/2023	{{c3::β}}-thalassemia is most commonly seen in individuals of {{c2::Mediterranean}} descent
Published	12/13/2023	Sickle cell anemia occurs due to a point mutation that substitutes {{c1::glutamic acid}} (hydrophilic) with {{c1::valine}} (hydrophobic)
Published	12/13/2023	The sickle cell (HbS) allele is carried by {{c1::8 - 10}}% of African Americans
Published	12/13/2023	In addition to sickle cells, what other pathological RBCs are seen on blood smear in a sickle cell disease patient? {{c1::Target cells and Howell-Joll…
Published	12/13/2023	Vaso-occlusive infarcts in bones of the hands and feet due to sickle cell anemia cause {{c1::dactylitis (painful swelling of hands and feet)}}
Published	12/13/2023	What RBC pathology is characterized by the following Hb electrophoresis findings:55% HbA, 43% HbS, and 2% HbA2 {{c1::Sickle cell trait}}
Published	12/13/2023	Hydroxyurea is useful in the treatment of sickle cell anemia because it increases levels of {{c1::HbF}} (typically >15%)
Published	12/13/2023	What pathologic RBC finding is seen in a peripheral smear with lead poisoning, sideroblastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome? {{c1::Basophilic st…
Published	12/13/2023	Basophilic stippling in RBCs is a result of aggregation of {{c1::residual ribosomes}}
Published	12/13/2023	In patients with sickle cell anemia, hydroxyurea is used prophylactically to reduce {{c1::vaso-occlusive crises}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the dose-limiting side effect of hydroxyurea?{{c1::Myelosuppression}}
Published	12/13/2023	What medication is an alternative treatment in polycythemia vera if there is increased risk of thrombus?{{c1::Hydroxyurea}}
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