Notes in 01 Opportunistic Infections

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Published	09/03/2024	There is increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients taking {{c1::natalizumab}} and {{c2::rituximab}}
Published	06/11/2024	Asplenia can result in an increased risk of sepsis from {{c1::encapsulated}} bacteria due to loss of splenic phagocytes
Published	06/11/2024	{{c2::Immunocompromised (e.g. HIV)}} and {{c1::pregnant}} individuals are at risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection
Published	06/11/2024	What type of viruses are polyomaviruses? {{c1::Double-stranded DNA::DNA, RNA (sense), etc.}}
Published	06/11/2024	Are Polyomaviruses enveloped?{{c1::No (naked)}}
Published	06/11/2024	{{c3::Polyomaviruses}} include {{c1::JC (John Cunningham)}} and {{c2::BK}} virus
Published	06/11/2024	Polyomaviruses have {{c1::circular::circular/linear}} DNA genomes
Published	06/11/2024	JC virus causes {{c1::progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)}} in the immunocompromised
Published	06/11/2024	JC virus presents when CD4+ count is {{c1::< 200}} or with immunosuppressants
Published	06/11/2024	JC virus presents in {{c1::immunocompromised (HIV/AIDS)}} patients
Published	06/11/2024	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy presents with {{c1::non-enhancing::enhancing/non-enhancing}} brain lesions in white matter
Published	06/11/2024	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy results in death of {{c1::oligodendrocytes}} in the CNS
Published	06/11/2024	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy presents with {{c1::many::one/many}} lesion(s)
Published	06/11/2024	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy presents with {{c1::normal}} ICP
Published	06/11/2024	Which DNA viruses are ubiquitous in humans?{{c1::Polyomaviruses (JC, BK)}}
Published	06/11/2024	Polyomavirus (JC, BK) transmission occurs via {{c1::respiratory}} exposure during childhood
Published	06/11/2024	Polyomaviruses (JC, BK) are hypothesized to seed the {{c1::kidney}} resulting in a clinically latent infection
Published	06/11/2024	Which polyomavirus can cause nephropathy?{{c1::BK virus}}
Published	06/11/2024	{{c3::BK virus}} is a virus associated with {{c1::hemorrhagic cystitis}} in {{c2::kidney and bone marrow transplant}} patients
Published	06/11/2024	BK virus can result in {{c1::ureteral}} stenosis
Published	06/11/2024	Hemorrhagic cystitis can present with fever and {{c1::gross hematuria}}
Published	06/11/2024	{{c1::TMP-SMX (Bactrim)}} can be used in prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients without sulfa drug allergies
Published	06/11/2024	What is the treatment of choice for an HIV patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia and a PaO2 of 54 mmHg (normal 75-105 mmHg)?{{c1::Trimethoprim-sulfameth…
Published	06/11/2024	{{c1::Vibrio vulnificus::Bacteria}} is found in contaminated water/shellfish and results in rapidly progressive necrotizing fascitis, bullous lesions,…
Published	06/11/2024	Capnocytophaga canimorsus, which is found in dog bites, causes mild cellulitis in most people but severe disease in {{c1::asplenic}} people
Published	06/11/2024	{{c2::Strongyloides stercoralis}} hyperinfection is seen in patients who are exposed to {{c1::steroids}}
Published	06/11/2024	After a solid-organ transplant, the patient is most susceptible to infection of the {{c1::transplanted organ}}
Published	06/11/2024	Most infections after 6 months following liver transplantation are due to {{c1::community-acquired}} pathogens
Published	06/11/2024	Chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is most likely to induce deficiency of {{c1::neutrophils}}
Published	06/11/2024	Chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is most likely to induce deficiency of {{c1::lymphocytes}}
Published	06/11/2024	Alemtuzumab is most likely to induce deficiency of {{c1::lymphocytes}}
Published	06/11/2024	Fludarabine is most likely to induce deficiency of {{c1::lymphocytes}}
Published	06/11/2024	Individuals with neutropenia are susceptible to {{c1::molds (Aspergillus and Mucormycosis)::which fungi}}
Published	06/11/2024	Reactivation of VZV (i.e. shingles) can be precipitated by long-term administration of {{c1::steroids::drug class}}
Published	06/11/2024	Inhibition of TNF-a (e.g. etanercept, infliximab) results in predisposition to {{c1::Histoplasma capsulatum::which fungal infection}}
Published	06/11/2024	Tocilizumab is an anti-IL-6 agent that increases the risk of {{c1::bacterial}} infections
Published	06/11/2024	Recurrent sinopulmonary infections are likely caused by deficiency in {{c1::humoral (antibody)}} immunity
Published	06/11/2024	{{c1::Bronchiectasis}} is an obstructive lung disease that may be caused by CVID or Bruton's X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Published	06/11/2024	SCID causes deficiency in {{c1::cell-mediated (T cell)}} immunity
Published	06/11/2024	Individuals with SCID (T-cell deficiency) are susceptible to {{c1::endemic fungi (Histo, Blasto, Cocci)::which fungi}}
Published	06/11/2024	T-cell deficiency increases risk of infection by viruses, endemic fungi, and {{c1::intracellular}} bacteria
Published	06/11/2024	Patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk of infection at the time of an esophageal {{c1::variceal bleed}}
Published	06/11/2024	Which component of the immune system is damaged in diabetes?{{c1::All of them}}
Published	06/11/2024	{{c1::Pregnant}} or immunocompromised patients with HSV infection are at higher risk for dissemination and fulminant disease
Published	06/11/2024	HSV infection in lungs, esophagus, or eyes is more common in {{c1::immunocompromised}} patients
Published	06/11/2024	Meningitis caused by Gram-negative rods in an adult is concerning for underlying {{c1::Strongyloides}}
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