Notes in Phar 111 L4

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Published	10/13/2023	what are the 5 lobes of the brain
Published	10/13/2023	the spinal cord is made up of
Published	10/13/2023	the brain stem is made up of
Published	10/13/2023	the cerebrum (forebrain) is made of
Published	10/13/2023	the grooves of the brain are called the
Published	10/13/2023	the {{c1::longitudinal fissure}} divides the left and right hemispheres
Published	10/13/2023	the deeper groves are called {{c1::fissures}} while the more shallow grooves are called {{c1::sulcuses (singular)/ sulci (plural)}}
Published	10/13/2023	{{c1::gyrus (singular) and gyri (plural)}} are the top of the grooves
Published	10/13/2023	the reason the brain has grooves is to {{c1::expand the surface area}} while keeping the size {{c1::compact}} to be contained within the cranium
Published	10/13/2023	the {{c1::central sulcus}} demarcates the lobes
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Published	10/13/2023	the temporal lobe is demarcarted by the {{c1::lateral fissure}} (also known as the {{c1::sylvian}} fissure)
Published	10/13/2023	the insula cortex/ lobe is responsible for {{c1::interoceptive (internal) sensations}} and is significant in {{c1::pain perception and recognition&nbs…
Published	10/13/2023	the prefrontal area is in charge of {{c1::planning, predicting future outcomes, controlling social behavior, drive and motivation}}
Published	10/13/2023	the motor cortex is apart of the {{c1::frontal}} lobe and is the {{c1::pre-central sulcus gyrus }}
Published	10/13/2023	Broca's area- known as the {{c1::angular gyrus}}- responsible for {{c1::speech}} production- reduced function or damage causes {{c1::stuttering or spe…
Published	10/13/2023	the {{c1::parietal}} lobe is responsible for {{c2::somatosensory sensations}}
Published	10/13/2023	the somatosensory cortex is apart of the {{c1::parietal}} lobe and is located {{c1::post central sulcus }}
Published	10/21/2023	the {{c1::occipital}} lobe is responsible for {{c2::visual processing}}
Published	10/13/2023	The {{c1::temporal}} lobe is responsible for {{c1::memory}}
Published	10/13/2023	the cerebellum is responsible for {{c1::learning motor skills, posture and balance.}}it modulates signals sent by the {{c1::motor cortex}} that go to …
Published	10/13/2023	Wernicke’s area - location: {{c1::posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus}}- it is important for {{c1::comprehending spoken language}} - Damage …
Published	10/13/2023	Auditory cortex location: {{c1::superior temporal gyrus}} function: {{c1::processing of auditory information }}
Published	10/13/2023	Wernicke’s area is the {{c1::posterior}} part of the {{c1::superior temporal gyrus}}. It is important for {{c1:: comprehending spoken language}}
Published	10/21/2023	Auditory cortex is the {{c1::anterior part}} of the {{c1::superior temporal gyrus}} and processes {{c1::information from the ear }}
Published	10/13/2023	describe the concept of somatotopic mapping
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Published	10/13/2023	Grey matter contains {{c1::the cell bodies}} White matter contains {{c1::axons that are myelinated with oligodendrocytes}}
Published	10/13/2023	the brain's left and right hemispheres communicate through the {{c1::corpus callosum}}
Published	10/13/2023	the ajor subcortical structures are the {{c1::Basal ganglia,}} {{c2::hippocampus,}} {{c3::amygdala}}, {{c4::thalamus}}
Published	10/13/2023	the basal ganglia is made of the {{c1::striatum}} & {{c1::substantia nigra}}
Published	10/13/2023	parts of the basal gangliaStriatum is made of the the {{c1::caudate}} and {{c1::putamen}} which are are {{c1::subcortical nuclei}} with…
Published	10/13/2023	Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD) is the {{c1::loss of cells in Substantia Nigra}}
Published	10/13/2023	symptoms of idiopathic parkinsons disease
Published	10/13/2023	the {{c1::hippocampus}} and {{c1::amygdala}} are apart of the {{c2::limbic system}} and important for {{c2::memory}}
Published	10/13/2023	medial temporal lobe contains the {{c1::Hippocampus}} and {{c1::amygdala}}
Published	10/13/2023	the amygdala adds {{c1::emotional components}} to memory
Published	10/13/2023	the hippocampal formation - has three parts: {{c1::hippocampus}}, {{c1::septum}} & {{c1::fornix}}- is important for {{c2::declarative memory}}
Published	10/13/2023	Synaptic plasticity is the {{c1::neuronal ability to modify connection strength}} - important for brain network {{c2::development}} and {{c2::reorgani…
Published	10/13/2023	{{c1::Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)}} is a form of synaptic plasticity, thought to underlie learning & memory
Published	10/13/2023	The thalamus is part of the {{c1::diencephalon}}
Published	10/13/2023	Thalamus is {{c1::a group of major sensory relay nuclei}}. Information from the body goes to the {{c2::thalamus}} before being sent to {{c2::the …
Published	10/13/2023	what are the parts of the thalamus{{c1::1) Lateral Geniculate Nucleus }}{{c2::2) Medial Geniculate Nucleus}}{{c3::3) Ventroposterior Nucleus&nbsp…
Published	10/13/2023	what does each part of the thalamus do1) {{c3::Lateral Geniculate Nucleus}} {{c1::process visual information to send to occipital lobe}}2) {{c1::Media…
Published	10/13/2023	the hypothalamus is apart of the {{c1::diencephalon}}
Published	10/13/2023	the hypothalamus is a {{c1::collection of nuclei}} involved in the control of {{c2::feeding, regulation of ANS, body temp, water balance, circadian rh…
Published	10/13/2023	pyramidal tracts are formed by {{c1::upper motor neurons}} that originate in the {{c1::motor cortex (precentral gyrus)}} and cross to the {{c2::contra…
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