Notes in G10 - Spinal Cord and PNS

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Published	08/20/2024	In the PNS, 12 pairs of {{c1::cranial nerves}} arise from ganglia in the brain, while 31 pairs of {{c1::spinal nerves}} arise from, or are attached to…
Published	08/20/2024	In the PNS, how many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves are there?
Published	08/20/2024	What are the two types of neurons that the PNS contains?
Published	08/20/2024	Motor neurons
Published	08/20/2024	Sensory neurons
Published	08/20/2024	What two subdivisions of the body does the PNS supply?
Published	08/20/2024	For the somatic component of the PNS, describe the functions of somatic sensory and somatic motor neurons:
Published	08/20/2024	For the autonomic component of the PNS, describe the functions of visceral sensory and visceral motor neurons:
Published	08/20/2024	What different types of sensations do somatic v.s. visceral sensory neurons of the PNS detect?
Published	08/20/2024	What do somatic v.s. visceral motor neurons of the PNS innervate?
Published	08/20/2024	The spinal cord is a column of nervous tissue contiguous with the brain stem. It runs through the vertebral canal from the {{c1::foramen magnum}} to t…
Published	08/20/2024	The spinal cord is involved in motor and sensory innervation of the body inferior to the {{c1::head}}
Published	08/20/2024	In the spinal cord, {{c1::gray}} matter is internal to {{c1::white}} matter
Published	08/20/2024	What does white matter consist of?
Published	08/20/2024	Why is gray matter "gray"?
Published	08/20/2024	What is contained in the ventral v.s. dorsal horns of the gray matter in the spinal cord?
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Published	08/20/2024	Fila/Filum are other words for:
Published	08/20/2024	Ventral root consists of:
Published	08/20/2024	Where are the cell bodies of the motor neurons that make up the ventral roots located?
Published	08/20/2024	Dorsal root consists of:
Published	08/20/2024	Where are the cell bodies of dorsal root sensory neurons located?
Published	08/20/2024	Ganglia
Published	08/20/2024	Spinal nerve proper
Published	08/20/2024	Each spinal nerve splits into {{c1::dorsal and ventral primary rami}}
Published	08/20/2024	The Dorsal primary ramus supplies cutaneous sensory innervation to the skin of the back via {{c1::posterior cutaneous n. branches}}
Published	08/20/2024	The dorsal ramus of each spinal nerve is typically {{c1::much smaller}} than the corresponding ventral ramus
Published	08/20/2024	The Ventral primary ramus supplies:
Published	08/20/2024	What are the branches of the Ventral primary ramus that supply cutaneous sensory innervation to the muscles of the lateral and anterior body wall, plu…
Published	08/20/2024	The ventral ramus of every spinal nerve connects to the {{c1::sympathetic chain}} (part of the visceral motor system) via {{c1::rami communicantes}}
Published	08/20/2024	Ventral rami that supply motor and sensory innervation to the limbs and neck merge together to form {{c1::plexuses}}
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Published	08/20/2024	Explain Roots v.s. Rami:
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Published	08/20/2024	The spinal cord is divided into {{c1::31}} segments; one segment for each pair of {{c1::spinal nerves}}
Published	08/20/2024	Of the 31 spinal cord segments, how many are there of each type?
Published	08/20/2024	Each spinal cord segment innervates a {{c1::dermatome}}
Published	08/20/2024	Enlargements of the spinal cord regions concerned with innervation of the {{c1::limbs}} contain more motor neuron bodies, and are therefore thicker
Published	08/20/2024	Enlargement of the cervical spinal cord is due to {{c1::nerves of the upper limb}}
Published	08/20/2024	Enlargement of the lumbosacral spinal cord is due to {{c1::nerves of the lower limb}}
Published	08/20/2024	Inferior to the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord is the tapered inferior end of the cord, the {{c1::conus medullaris}}
Published	08/20/2024	Dermatome
Published	08/20/2024	All spinal nerves except {{c1::C1}} innervate a segment of skin (dermatome)
Published	08/20/2024	Why are dermatomes clinically important?
Published	08/20/2024	Does cutting a single spinal nerve produce complete anesthesia in it's dermatome?
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Published	08/20/2024	Is there a C1 dermatome?
Published	08/20/2024	Each dermatome encircles the body segmentally according to {{c1::spinal cord level}}
Published	08/20/2024	In early development, does the vertebral column or spinal cord grow faster?
Published	08/20/2024	Where does the spinal cord end relative to the vertebral column as a fetus? At birth? As an adult?
Published	08/20/2024	In adults, the {{c1::cervical}} spinal cord segments are at roughly the same level as the correspondingly numbered vertebrae, but all other spinal cor…
Published	08/20/2024	Cauda Equina
Published	08/20/2024	Spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal via {{c1::intervertebral foramina}} or {{c1::sacral foramina}}
Published	08/20/2024	Explain where the 8 cervical nerve pairs exit the vertebral column relative to the 7 corresponding cervical vertebrae:
Published	08/20/2024	Thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal nerves all exit {{c1::inferior}} to the correspondingly numbered vertebrae
Published	08/20/2024	What are the 4 special cases of spinal nerves exiting the vertebral canal atypically?
Published	08/20/2024	How do herniated discs cause pain?
Published	08/20/2024	Where do herniated discs most often occur?
Published	08/20/2024	What is Sciatica?
Published	08/20/2024	Meninges
Published	08/20/2024	What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
Published	08/20/2024	Dura mater
Published	08/20/2024	Filum terminale externum
Published	08/20/2024	Arachnoid mater
Published	08/20/2024	What is arachnoid taberculae? {{c1::Slender strands of the arachnoid mater called arachnoid trabeculae connect it to the pia mater}}
Published	08/20/2024	Pia mater
Published	08/20/2024	Denticulate Ligaments
Published	08/20/2024	Filum terminale internum
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Published	08/20/2024	If the L4 disc herniates, then the {{c1::L5}} spinal nerve root will be affected
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Published	08/20/2024	Where is the epidural space located, and what is it filled with?
Published	08/20/2024	Is there an epidural space in the skull?
Published	08/20/2024	Where is the subdural space and what does it contain?
Published	08/20/2024	Where is the subarachnoid space and what is it filled with?
Published	08/20/2024	What is the lumbar cistern? What does it contain?
Published	08/20/2024	What is the safest place to sample CSF? Why?
Published	08/20/2024	The cauda equina arises from the {{c1::conus medullaris}} and the {{c1::lumbar enlargement}} of the spinal cord
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Published	08/20/2024	Bifid spinous processes are found on
Published	08/20/2024	what are two common causes of kyphosis of the thorax?
Published	08/20/2024	what is meant by a lamenectomy
Published	08/20/2024	C1 articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull at the {{c1::R & L atlanto-occipital joints}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::C1 and C2}} articulate at the {{c2::R & L lateral atlanto-axial joints}}, and the {{c2::single median atlanto-axial joint.}}
Published	08/20/2024	the {{c1::tubercle}} of each rib articulates with the same numbered transverse process at the {{c1::costotransverse joints}}
Published	08/20/2024	Facet joints are innervated by branches of {{c1::dorsal rami}} of spinal nerves.
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Uncovertebral joints}} are a common site of {{c1::osteophytes}} (bone spurs)
Published	08/20/2024	what is punctured during lumbar puncture?
Published	08/20/2024	Spinal branches of cervical arteries (e.g., {{c1::vertebral}} aa.) and segmental arteries (e.g., {{c1::posterior intercostal}} aa.) arising from the a…
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Internal and external vertebral venous plexuses}} drain the vertebral column and spinal cord
Published	08/20/2024	The internal plexus courses {{c1::vertically along the walls of the vertebral canal}}
Published	08/20/2024	the external plexus courses {{c1::vertically and has anterior tributaries along the vertebral bodies and posterior tributaries along the spinous proce…
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Basivertebral}} veins form w/in the vertebral bodies and drain to the plexuses.
Published	08/20/2024	Basivertebral veins are {{c1::valveless}}
Published	08/20/2024	what are two drawbacks to the lack of valves in the Basivertebral veins
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