Notes in 08 Vasculitis

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Published	10/21/2024	Refers to vessel wall inflammation.
Published	10/21/2024	Two most common pathogenic mechanisms of vasculitis:
Published	10/21/2024	Vasculitis can also be caused by physical and chemical injury such as (3)
Published	10/21/2024	Vasculitides are classified according to: (4)
Published	10/21/2024	How to diagnose Vasculitis?
Published	10/21/2024	{{c3::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5443:top=.4968:width=.2786:height=.0421}}{{c10::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0565:top=.5453:width=.3094:height=.1937}}{…
Published	10/21/2024	Noninfectious Vasculitis: Immune Complex-AssociatedVasculitisVascular deposition of {{c1::circulating antigen-antibody complexes}}Vascular injury aris…
Published	10/21/2024	What type of hypersensitivy is non-infectious Vasculitis?
Published	10/21/2024	Circulating antibodies that react with neutrophil cytoplasmic agents
Published	10/21/2024	Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)Directed against the constituents of neutrophil {{c1::primary granules}},{{c1::monocyte lysosomes}}, or {{…
Published	10/21/2024	Useful diagnostic markers for ANCA-associated vasculitides{{c1::Titers correlating to inflammation levels}}, suggesting a pathogenic association
Published	10/21/2024	ANCA-associated vasculitides→ {{c1::Small blood vessels}} are affected
Published	10/21/2024	Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)May be induced via {{c1::cross-reactive microbial antigens}} --> Directly activate {{c2::neutrophils}}C…
Published	10/21/2024	Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)Do not form circulating immune complexes → Vascular lesions do not typically contain demonstrable {{c2::an…
Published	10/21/2024	Pauci immune in ANCA refers to:
Published	10/21/2024	Antiendothelial Cell AntibodiesAntibodies to endothelial cellsInduced by defects in {{c1::immune regulation}}
Published	10/21/2024	Antiendothelial Cell AntibodiesMay predispose to certain vasculitides: (8)
Published	10/21/2024	Most common form of vasculitis in the U.S. elderly population
Published	10/21/2024	Primary etiology of Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
Published	10/21/2024	Giant Cell (Temporal) ArteritisFocal granulomatous inflammation of {{c1::medium-}} and {{c1::small-sized arteries}}, chiefly {{c2::cranial vessels}}&n…
Published	10/21/2024	Giant Cell Arteritis (Morphology)Granulomatous vasculitis with {{c1::elastic tissue fragmentation}}{{c2::Multinucleated giant:: What type of cell?}} c…
Published	10/21/2024	Giant Cell Arteritis (Clinical Features)Typical presents with {{c1::headache}} and {{c1::facial pain}}Most patients also have systemic symptoms:{{c2::…
Published	10/21/2024	{{c5::Takayasu Arteritis}}Granulomatous vasculitis of {{c1::medium-to-large:: size of arteries}} arteriesCharacterized by:{{c2::Transmural fibrous thi…
Published	10/21/2024	Takayasu Arteritis (Morphology)Grossly{{c1::Irregular aortic thickening with intimal hyperplasia}}● MicroscopicallyEarly stages show{{c2::Adventitial …
Published	10/21/2024	Takayasu Arteritis (Clinical Features)Initial symptoms are usually nonspecific{{c1::Fatigue}}{{c1::Fever}}{{c1::Weight loss}}Ocular and neurologic dis…
Published	10/21/2024	{{c4::Polyarteritis Nodosa}}Systemic diseaseCharacterized by necrotizing vasculitis involving {{c1::small-to medium arteries}} in kidney and viscera, …
Published	10/21/2024	Polyarteritis Nodosa (Morphology)Lesions are {{c1::sharply demarcated}}Often induce {{c2::thrombosis}}Cause {{c3::distal ischemic injury}}Lesions at d…
Published	10/21/2024	Polyarteritis Nodosa (Morphology)Acute lesionsCharacterized by {{c1::sharp circumscribed arterial fibrinoid necrosis}} (hyaline proteinaceous dep…
Published	10/21/2024	Polyarteritis Nodosa (Clinical Features)Largely a disease of {{c1::young adults::what age group?}}With nonspecific symptoms:{{c2::Fever}}{{c2::Malaise…
Published	10/21/2024	Kawasaki DiseaseAcute febrile, usually self-limited illness of {{c1::infants and children}}Associated with a {{c2::medium-large vessel arteritis}}In g…
Published	10/21/2024	Kawasaki DiseaseVasculitis may result from a {{c1::delayed-type hypersensitivity}} to {{c2::cross-reactive or newly uncovered vascular antigens}}
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::Kawasaki Disease}}Lesions resemble those of PANThe same histological appearance
Published	10/21/2024	Kawasaki Disease (Clinical Features)● A.k.a. {{c1::mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome}}● Typically heralded by{{c2::Fever}}{{c2::Lymphadenopathy}}{{c2:…
Published	10/21/2024	Mnemonic for clinically diagnosing Kawasaki Disease (CRASH + fever)
Published	10/21/2024	Microscopic PolyangiitisIn some casesAn antibody response to drugs, microbes, or tumor patients has been implicated with {{c1::immune complex depositi…
Published	10/21/2024	Microscopic Polyangiitis (Morphology)There is typically {{c1::fibrinoid necrosis}}Leukocytoclastic vasculitisAffected vessels may show only {{c1::frag…
Published	10/21/2024	Microscopic Polyangiitis (Clinical Features)Depend on the vascular bed involvedCan include{{c1::Hemoptysis}}{{c1::Hematuria and proteinuria}}{{c…
Published	10/21/2024	Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)A {{c1::T-cell}} hypersensitivity to an {{c2::inhaled agent}} or {{c2::microbe}} is likely causalAlthough …
Published	10/21/2024	Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)Necrotizing vasculitis associated with a triad of the following:
Published	10/21/2024	Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Morphology)Granulomas with {{c1::geographic necrosis}} and accompanying vasculitisGranulomas may coalesce to produce…
Published	10/21/2024	Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Clinical Features){{c1::Males over age 40}}Most commonly affected groupWithout treatmentThere is 80% 1-year mortalit…
Published	10/21/2024	Also called allergic granulomatosis and angiitis
Published	10/21/2024	Churg-Strauss SyndromeSmall necrotizing vasculitis associated with: (4)
Published	10/21/2024	Churg-Strauss Syndrome{{c1::ANCAs}} are identified in minority of casesVascular lesionsResemble PANCharacteristically accompanied by {{c2::eosinophils…
Published	10/21/2024	Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)Occurs in {{c1::heavy cigarette smokers}} of < 35 years old
Published	10/21/2024	A diseases wherein it is a segmental, thrombosing, acute, and chronic inflammation of intermediate and small arteries and veins in the extremities.
Published	10/21/2024	Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)A {{c1::T-cell hypersensitivity response}} to smoke-modified self-antigens is implicated.
Published	10/21/2024	Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)Clinical Features{{c1::Nodular phlebitis}}{{c1::Raynaud-like cold sensitivity}}{{c1::Leg claudication}}{{c…
Published	10/21/2024	Vasculitis Associated with Other Noninfectious DisordersVasculitis that clinically and histologically resembles {{c1::Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)}}&nbs…
Published	10/21/2024	Infectious VasculitisArteritis can be caused by direct invasion from an adjacent source, especially {{c1::Mycotic arteritis}} (caused by {{c6::Aspergi…
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