Notes in G04 - Connective Tissue

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Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Glycosaminoglycans}} are linear polymers of repeating, sulfonated, disaccharide units
Published	08/20/2024	What are responsible for the physical properties of ground substance?{{c1::Glycosaminoglycans - they are highly anionic and hydrophilic}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan)}} is the largest and most ubiquitous GAG, made of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine
Published	08/20/2024	Which GAGs are covalently bound to proteins?{{c1::chondroitin sulfateheparin sulfatedermatan sulfatekeratan sulfate}}
Published	08/20/2024	Proteoglycans are large molecules composed of a {{c1::core protein}} {{c1::covalent}}ly bound to {{c1::GAGs}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Multiadhesive glycoproteins}} bind integrins to link ECM elements to the cell surface
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Fibronectin}} is the main adhesion molecule of the ECM.
Published	08/20/2024	Collagen is a {{c1::triple helix::structure}} molecule, rich in {{c2::glycine, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine::AAs}}. Tensile strength of collagen r…
Published	08/20/2024	What are the three types of fibrillar collagen?{{c1::Collagen I, II, and III}}
Published	08/20/2024	Multiple triple helices of collagen form {{c1::collagen fibrils}} where they are aligned in a regular arrangement of partially overlapping triple heli…
Published	08/20/2024	Collagen fibrils aggregate and are covalently cross-linked to form {{c1::collagen fibers}}
Published	08/20/2024	Type I collagen fibers aggregate further to form {{c1::collagen bundles}}
Published	08/20/2024	Collagen {{c1::fibrils and fibers}} can only be seen with EM, but collagen {{c1::bundles}} can be seen with LM
Published	08/20/2024	Reticular fibers are composed of type {{c1::III}} collagen fibers. They stain with {{c2::silver}} salts and form a network ({{c3::stroma}}) aroun…
Published	08/20/2024	Type IV collagen is found primarily in {{c1::the basal lamina}}
Published	08/20/2024	Elastic fibers are formed by networks of {{c1::elastin}} molecules crosslinked via {{c1::desmosine}} and {{c1::isodesmosine}} bonds
Published	08/20/2024	During development of elastic fibers, {{c1::fibrillin}} binds {{c1::tropoelastin}} and forms the scaffolding for the formation of bundles of elastic f…
Published	08/20/2024	Marfan Syndrome is an {{c2::autosomal dominant}} disorder characterized by {{c1::weakened elastic tissue}} -- result of mutations in the {{c1::fibrill…
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Fibroblasts}} are responsible for the synthesis of all (well most) ECM components
Published	08/20/2024	In response to inflammatory signals, {{c1::bone marrow-derived monocytes}} circulate in blood and migrate into the CT where they differentiate into ma…
Published	08/20/2024	Mast cells are numerous in the CT of the skin and mucous membranes, but they are completely absent from {{c1::central nervous system}}.
Published	08/20/2024	Plasma cells are the products of {{c1::B lymphocyte differentiation}}
Published	08/20/2024	baa3e4db650a44abad6e91586262dbc2-ao-1
Published	08/20/2024	baa3e4db650a44abad6e91586262dbc2-ao-2
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Collagen type III (reticular fibers)}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Elastic fibers (elastin) stained with orcein}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::fibroblasts in dense irregular connective tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::macrophages with lysosomal dye}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::mast cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::macrophage}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::mast cell}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::plasma cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::plasma cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::adipocytes}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::adipocyte}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Unilocular / White adipocytes}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Multilocular / Brown Adipocytes}}
Published	08/20/2024	What is the body's major reserve of long-term energy?{{c1::White adipose tissue (unilocular adipocytes)}}
Published	08/20/2024	What insulates the body against heat loss and acts as a shock absorber?{{c1::White adipose tissue (unilocular adipocytes)}}
Published	08/20/2024	What type of fat forms mostly where loose CT is present?{{c1::White adipose tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	What type of fat produces various hormones, growth factors, and cytokines (ex. leptin)?{{c1::White adipose tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	What gives brown adipose tissue it's color?{{c1::an abundance of capillaries and mitochondria}}
Published	08/20/2024	Does brown fat serve in energy storage?{{c1::No, only heat production}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::mesenchymal stem cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::mucous connective tissue with fibroblasts}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Loose (areolar) CT / diffuse lymphatic tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Dense irregular CT}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Dense regular CT}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Dense regular CT}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Elastic CT}}
Published	08/20/2024	Reticular fibers are {{c1::within::outside of/within}} the cell
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Reticular fibers}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Reticular CT}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Reticular CT}}
Published	08/20/2024	Common symptoms of Marfan's syndrome include:{{c1::Upward}} and {{c1::outward}} subluxation of the lens{{c1::Marfanoid habitus}} (excessively long bon…
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::TGF-B}} has deleterious effects on {{c2::ECM and blood vessel wall integrity}}
Published	08/20/2024	The high anionicity of GAGs makes them highly {{c1::basophilic}} on H/E.
Published	08/20/2024	Giant proteoglycan aggregates form along an axis of {{c1::hylauronan}}
Published	08/20/2024	Multiadhesive glycoproteins serve to {{c1::link ECM elements to cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	Fibronectin is capable of binding:{{c1::heparin}}Collagens {{c1::I, II, and III}}{{c1::fibrin}}{{c1::integrins}}
Published	08/20/2024	Reticular fibers are best visualized with {{c1::silver salt}} stains
Published	08/20/2024	Elastic fibers form through the crosslinking of {{c1::tropoelastin}} molecules organized by {{c1::fibrillin}}
Published	08/20/2024	When are elastic fibers produced?{{c1::mainly during embryonic development and adolescence}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Fibroblasts}} and {{c1::tissue-specific macrophages}} are the most abundant tissue resident cells
Published	08/20/2024	What are some examples of tissue specific macrophages?{{c1::kuffner cells::liver}}{{c1::dust cells::lungs}}{{c1::microglia::CNS}}
Published	08/20/2024	Fibroblasts differentiate into {{c1::myofibroblasts}} during wound healing
Published	08/20/2024	Macrophages are {{c1::hematopoietic}} in origin
Published	08/20/2024	The following are resident-tissue characteristics of macrophages:{{c1::Self}} proliferativeExpress receptors for {{c1::ECM elements}}Excpress {{c1::EC…
Published	08/20/2024	Monocytes are circulatory {{c1::macrophage}} precursors
Published	08/20/2024	Macrophages also participate in {{c1::cleanup of apoptosic debris::non-foreign phagocytosis processes}}
Published	08/20/2024	Mast cells are leukocytic {{c1::granulo}}cytes containing {{c1::heparin}}, {{c1::histamine}}, and {{c1::chemoattractants}}
Published	08/20/2024	Mast cells are found in the connective tissue of most tissues with the exception of the {{c1::CNS}}
Published	08/20/2024	Mast cells are of {{c1::hematopoietic}} origin
Published	08/20/2024	Plasma cells are primarily responsible for {{c1::secreting immunoglobulins (antibodies)}}
Published	08/20/2024	What non-lymphoid organ system has an abundance of leukocytes?{{c1::GI tract}}
Published	08/20/2024	Mucoid connective tissue is found in the {{c1::umbilical cord only}}
Published	08/20/2024	The principal ECM content of mucoid connective tissue is {{c1::hylauronan}}
Published	08/20/2024	The ground substance of mucoid connective tissue is termed {{c1::wharton's jelly}}
Published	08/20/2024	What are the components of the ground substance?{{c1::GAGsproteoglycansglycoproteins}}
Published	08/20/2024	The majority of cells found in loose connective tissues are {{c1::leukocytes}}
Published	08/20/2024	The loose connective tissue underlying epithelium is termed the {{c1::lamina propria}}
Published	08/20/2024	Dense irregular connective tissue is best able to resist {{c1::multi}}axial tension
Published	08/20/2024	Dense regular CT is best able to resist {{c1::uni}}axial tensile forces
Published	08/20/2024	Elastic connective tissue fibers are best visualized with {{c1::orcein}}
Published	08/20/2024	Adipocytes are supported by {{c1::stromal}} connective tissue
Published	08/20/2024	Dense regular CT contains more {{c1::fibrillar elements}} than {{c1::cells and ground substance}}
Published	08/20/2024	Brown adipose tissue makes up {{c1::5}}% of newborn mass
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::fibrotic liver on trichrome stain}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::fibrillar collagen}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::fibrillar collagen in dense irregular CT}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::elastin and collagen fibrils::blue}}{{c1::ground substance::purple}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::ground substance}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::elastin}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::plasma cell}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::leukocytes (transient cells) in loose aereolar connective tissue (lamina prorpria)}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::loose connective tissue / diffuse lymphatic tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::dense irregular connective tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::reticular cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::fibroblast within dense irregular CT::cell and tissue type}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::fibroblast}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::collagen I bundle in dense irregular connective tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1:: collagen III (reticular fibers)}}
Published	08/20/2024	Collagen {{c1::II}} is the dominant form of collagen in cartilage
Published	08/20/2024	Collagen {{c1::I}} is the predominant form of collagen found in bone, tendons, and ligaments
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::elastin}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::collagen fibrils organized into a fiber/bundle}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::dense irregular connective tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::loose mesenchymal tissue with elastic connective tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	The triple helical structure of collagen imparts its {{c1::tensile}} strength
Published	08/20/2024	{{c2::Elastin}} is cross linked by {{c1::lysly oxidase}} forming demosine and isodesmosine bonds, the scaffolding for {{c2::elastin}} bundles is forme…
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Laminin}} is a multiadhesive glycoprotein used to connect collagen IV to integrins.
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::collagen bundles}}2. {{c1::fibroblasts}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::reticular fibers (col iii) - silver salt stain}}2. {{c1::reticular cells (stromal cells)}}3. {{c1::stroma/reticular connective tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::elastic fibers}}2. {{c1::collagen fibers}}3. {{c1::fibroblasts}}
Published	08/20/2024	What organ system has no stroma?{{c1::the CNS}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::elastic fibers stained with orcein}}
Published	08/20/2024	Can elastic fibers be visualized with H/E?{{c1::bundles, yesfibers, no }}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::fibroblast (top), fibrocyte (bottom) - both in dense irregular connective tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	A {{c1::fibrocyte }} is a less active fibroblast with a more {{c1::pyknotic}} nucleus
Published	08/20/2024	Suffixes:-blast: {{c1::forming}}-cyte: {{c1::cell}}-clast: {{c1::destroying}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::plasma cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::white (unilocular) adipocyte}}2. {{c1::triglycerides}}3. {{c1::sER}}4. {{c1::white adipose tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::macrophage}}2. {{c1::lysosomal dye within macrophages}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::mast cells}}2. {{c1::endothelial cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::reticular fibers}}2. {{c1::they exist in the cell}}3. {{c1::reticular cells }}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::mesenchymal stem cells}}2. {{c1::mesenchyme}}
Published	08/20/2024	Mesenchymal cells are {{c1::stellate}} in shape with {{c1::vesicular}} nuclei. They are often suspended in an abundance of {{c1::ground substance}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::loose aerolar connective tissue (lamina propria)}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and interspersed goblet cells}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::endothelial cells of blood vessels in the lamina propria (loose connective tissue)}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::dense irregular connective tissue}}2. {{c1::fibroblasts}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::dense irregular connective tissue}}2. {{c1::collagen bundles}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::dense regular connective tissue (tendon or ligament)}}2. {{c1::fibroblasts}}
Published	08/20/2024	1. {{c1::mucoid connective tissue in the umbilical cord}}2. {{c1::fibroblasts}}3. {{c1::wharton's jelly}}
Published	08/20/2024	Adipose has an abundance of type {{c1::III}} collagen.
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::brown adipose tissue (multilocular)}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::blood vessels within dense irregular CT near adipose tissue}}
Published	08/20/2024	Embryonic connective tissue can be classified as either {{c1::mesenchymal}} or {{c1::mucoid}}
Published	08/20/2024	How do each of the following resident cells of connective tissue contribute to wound healing?Fibroblasts: {{c1::differentiate into myoflibroblasts to …
Published	08/20/2024	Fibroblasts are of {{c1::mesenchymal}} origin
Published	08/20/2024	For the purpose of histo class, what collagen fibers are secreted by each cell type?fibroblasts, osteoblasts: {{c2::type I}}reticular cells, myofibers…
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