Notes in L18 - ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	11/02/2024	Complex I is also called:
Published	11/02/2024	Coenzyme Q is also called:
Published	11/02/2024	Coenzyme Q accepts reducing equivalents from either {{c1::Complex I}} or {{c1::Complex II}}, and passes them to {{c1::Complex III}}
Published	11/02/2024	Complex II is also called:
Published	11/02/2024	Reducing equivalents from {{c1::succinate dehydrogenase}} in the CAC pass their electrons directly into the ETC
Published	11/02/2024	In Complex II, electrons flow from {{c1::succinate}} to FAD to Fe-S to {{c1::CoQ}}
Published	11/02/2024	Complex III accepts reducing equivalents from {{c1::Coenzyme Q}} and passes them to {{c1::cytochrome c}}, pumping {{c1::4 H+}} in the process
Published	11/02/2024	Cytochrome C accepts reducing equivalents from {{c1::Complex III}} and passes them to {{c1::Complex IV}}
Published	11/02/2024	Complex IV accepts reducing equivalents from {{c1::cytochrome c}} and passes them to {{c1::O2}} -- this generates {{c1::water}} and pumps {{c1::2 H+}}
Published	11/02/2024	What inhibits Complex IV?
Published	11/02/2024	What are the two parts of ATP Synthase, and what do they do?
Published	11/02/2024	How many protons are pumped for NADH and FADH2?
Published	11/02/2024	What do uncoupling proteins do?
Published	11/02/2024	Uncoupling proteins are expressed in {{c1::brown adipose tissue}}, but not {{c1::white adipose tissue}}
Published	11/02/2024	UCP-1 gene is expressed in {{c1::brown fat}}, and is important in {{c1::generating heat}}
Published	11/02/2024	Uncoupling protein I (UCP-I) is also known as {{c1::thermogenin}}
Published	11/02/2024	Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by {{c1::nuclear}} genes
Published	11/02/2024	Mitochondrial DNA resembles {{c1::prokaryotic DNA (circular chromosome)}} and it encodes {{c1::37}} genes
Published	11/02/2024	13 mitochondrial genes encode for proteins involved in {{c1::oxidative phosphorylation}}, while the rest code for {{c1::tRNAs and rRNAs}} involved in …
Published	11/02/2024	Which ETC complexes pump protons?{{c1::I, III, and IV}}
Published	11/02/2024	The intramembranous space is {{c1::10}}x more {{c1::acidic::pH}} than the mitochondrial matrix
Published	11/02/2024	How many protons are required by ATP Synthase per the formation of 1 ATP?{{c1::4}}
Published	11/02/2024	ADP and Pi are transported into the mitochondrial matrix via an {{c1::ATP/ADP translocase}} and {{c1::Pi/H+ symporter}}, respectively
Published	11/02/2024	Protons pumped in the ETC by complex:I: {{c1::4}}II: {{c1::0}}III: {{c1::4}}IV: {{c1::2}}
Published	11/02/2024	FADH2 generates 1 ATP fewer than NADH in oxidative phosphorylation as it pumps {{c1::4}} fewer protons in the electron transport chain
Published	11/02/2024	The {{c1::proton motive force}} is the term that refers to the diffusion gradient of [H+] that provides the energy for ATP synthase
Published	11/02/2024	Mitochondria are inherited {{c1::maternally}}
Published	11/02/2024	mtDNA has a {{c1::10x greater}} mutation rate than nuclear DNA because {{c1::there are no DNA repair pathways for mtDNA}}
Published	11/02/2024	complex II is the only complex of the ETC that {{c1::does NOT span the innermembrane}}
Published	11/02/2024	the malate-aspartate shuttle transfers {{c1::NADH}} electrons from the {{c1::cytosol}} to {{c1::oxaloacetate}} by malate
Published	11/02/2024	the malate produced by the malate-aspartate shuttle is then oxidized by mitochondrial {{c1::malate dehydrogenase}} to oxaloacetate to re-produce {{c1:…
Published	11/02/2024	the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle transfers {{c1::NADH}} electrons from the {{c1::cytosol}} to dihydroxyacetone phosphate to produce {{c1::glycerol-3-p…
Published	11/02/2024	the ETC flows in increaing order of {{c1::reduction potential }}
Published	11/02/2024	NADH only donates to complex {{c1::I}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::amytal::barbiturate}} and {{c1::rotenone::pesticide}} block e- transfer from complex I to CoQ
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::antimycin A::antibiotic}} blocks the flow of e- through complex III
Published	11/02/2024	oligomycin binds the {{c1::F0}} domain of ATP synthase and {{c1::closes the proton channel}} which prevents ATP hydrolysis
Published	11/02/2024	2,4-dinitrophenol is a {{c1::synthetic}} uncoupler that allows e- transport at a rapid rate, which causes energy to be released as {{c1::heat}}
Published	11/02/2024	mitochondrial deficiencies affect the {{c1::brain}} and {{c1::muscles}} the most
Published	11/02/2024	mitochondrial dysfunction can cause {{c1::visual complications}} because the muscles of the eyes rely highly on ATP
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::ophthalmoplegia}} is the turning of the head instead of the eys to look at objects caused by weaking of the eye muscles
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Ptosis}} is eyelid drooping due to insufficient ATP
Published	11/02/2024	is there a cure to mitochondrial disorders?{{c1::no}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Kearns-Sayre}} syndrome – weakness of eye muscles, vision loss, cardiac defects, ataxia and muscle weakness
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Leber hereditary optic neuropathy}} – bilateral central vision loss
Published	11/02/2024	Leigh disease – severe {{c1::neurologic}} disorder
Published	11/02/2024	Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) - progressive {{c1::neurodegeneration}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF)}} – progressive uncontrolled contractions, dementia, ataxia
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP)}} – progressive sensory neuropathy, vision loss, ataxia, muscle weakness, cognitive decline
Status	Last Update	Fields