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4 Gas Exchange and Transport (Pulmonary Circulation & V/Q Relationship)
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Published
11/18/2024
Airway resistance work of breathing is increased duringA. Laminar airflow patternB. BronchodilationC. Low Reynold’s numberD. Low lung elastance
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11/18/2024
What is shunt flow in the context of the bronchial circulation?A) Blood that is oxygenated in the alveoli and returns to the systemic circulation.B) B…
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11/18/2024
What law governs the exchange of fluids in the pulmonary capillaries?A) Boyle's LawB) Poiseuille’s LawC) Starling's LawD) Ohm's Law
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11/18/2024
Which factor, when increased, will cause an increase in the efflux of fluid out of the capillaries?A) Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure B) Interstit…
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11/18/2024
What happens in the pulmonary circulation when areas of the lungs experience hypoxia?A) Blood vessels dilate to increase blood flow to the hypoxic are…
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11/18/2024
Which of the following factors primarily affects the radius of pulmonary vessels?A) Smooth muscle toneB) Blood viscosityC) Blood temperatureD) Gravity
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11/18/2024
Which of the following conditions leads to vasodilation in the pulmonary circulation?A. High PAO2B. Low PAO2C. High PACO2D. Low pH
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11/18/2024
Which substance is known to cause vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circulation?A. HistamineB. Prostacyclin (PGI2)C. Beta Adrenergic AgonistsD. Nitric…
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11/18/2024
When lung volume increases, what happens to alveolar pressure?A. Alveolar pressure decreasesB. Alveolar pressure stays the sameC. Alveolar pressure in…
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11/18/2024
What happens to alveolar vascular resistance when lung volume increases?A. It increasesB. It decreasesC. It stays the sameD. It fluctuates
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11/18/2024
When lung volume is at its highest, what happens to the extra-alveolar vessel (EA) resistance and total vascular resistance?A. EA vessel resistance in…
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11/18/2024
Where is the total vascular resistance the lowest in relation to lung volume?A. At high lung volumeB. At low lung volumeC. At functional residual capa…
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11/18/2024
What is the alveolar pressure at functional residual capacity (FRC) in an upright lung?A. PositiveB. NegativeC. ZeroD. Variable
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11/18/2024
In Zone 1 of the lung, what is the relationship between alveolar pressure (PA), pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA), and pulmonary venous pressure (PPV)…
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11/18/2024
What is the ideal V/Q ratio in the lungs?A) 0.5B) 1C) 2D) 0.8
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11/18/2024
What does a V/Q ratio of 1 indicate?A) Ventilation is greater than perfusion.B) Ventilation and perfusion are equal.C) Perfusion is greater than venti…
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11/18/2024
What does a low V/Q ratio (<1) indicate?A) Complete obstruction with no perfusion.B) Partial obstruction with low ventilation and ideal perfusion.C…
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11/18/2024
What does a high V/Q ratio (>1) indicate?A) Complete obstruction with no ventilation and ideal perfusion.B) Partial obstruction of blood vessels wi…
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11/18/2024
What is the relationship between alveolar ventilation and oxygen tension?A) Inversely proportionalB) No relationshipC) Directly proportionalD) None of…
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11/18/2024
In an ideal V/Q ratio of 1, what are the oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) tensions?A) O₂ = 104, CO₂ = 40B) O₂ < 104, CO₂ > 40C) O₂ > 104,…
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11/18/2024
Why is the base of the lung more perfused than the apex?A) Due to gravity, pressure differences from pulmonary arteries and veins, and alveolar pressu…
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11/18/2024
In the apical region of the lung, why are the units less compliant?A) They are already almost fully distendedB) They are only moderately distendedC) T…
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11/18/2024
At the apex of the lung, which relationship is observed between ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q)?A) V = QB) V < QC) V > QD) V/Q = 0
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11/18/2024
At the base of the lung, which relationship is observed between ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q)?A) V = QB) V < QC) V > QD) V/Q = 1
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11/18/2024
What is the primary characteristic of an anatomic shunt?A) Blood bypasses the alveoli and does not participate in gas exchangeB) Blood flows through t…
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11/18/2024
Which of the following best describes an alveolar shunt?A) Blood flows through alveoli with no ventilationB) Blood has perfect ventilation and perfusi…
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11/18/2024
Which condition is an example of an alveolar shunt effect?A) Pulmonary embolismB) Pneumonia with airway resistanceC) Blood shunting from the right to …
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11/18/2024
What is the total physiologic shunt composed of?A) Only anatomic shuntB) Only alveolar shuntC) The sum of anatomic and alveolar shuntsD) Only blood fl…
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11/18/2024
Which of the following is true regarding a pathologic shunt?A) It occurs when ventilation exceeds perfusionB) It is a low or zero V/Q state that can o…
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11/18/2024
Which cardiovascular disease can cause a pathologic shunt?A) Atrial/Ventricular Septal Defects (ASDs/VSDs)B) HypertensionC) Aortic dissectionD) Heart …
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11/18/2024
What is dead space volume (VD)?A) The portion of the tidal volume that participates in gas exchangeB) The portion of inhaled gas that does not partici…
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11/18/2024
What is alveolar dead space?A) The space in the lungs where ventilation occurs without perfusionB) The space in the lungs where gas exchange occurs ef…
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11/18/2024
Which condition can cause a low V/Q state due to decreased compliance?A) AsthmaB) Pulmonary fibrosisC) Pulmonary embolismD) Chronic obstructive pulmon…
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11/18/2024
What compensatory mechanism occurs in response to a low V/Q state (V/Q < 1)?A) Hypoxic vasoconstrictionB) BronchoconstrictionC) Decreased complianc…
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11/18/2024
Which compensatory mechanism is most likely to occur in response to a high V/Q state (V/Q > 1)?A) Hypoxic vasoconstrictionB) BronchoconstrictionC) …
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