Notes in Grenko Pharm Drugs 2024

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/29/2024	Reserpine: {{c1::permanent inhibition of amine-H+ for catecholamine packaging into vesicles}}
Published	01/29/2024	Clonidine: {{c1::α2 agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Metyrosine: {{c1::inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase}}
Published	01/29/2024	Guanethidine/Guanadrel: {{c1::inhibits release of packaged catecholamines; competitive inhibition of Uptake-1}}
Published	01/29/2024	Tyramine: {{c1::displaces catecholamines out of nerve terminal; competitive inhibition of uptake-1}}
Published	01/29/2024	Amphetamines/Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine: {{c1::displaces catecholamines out of nerve terminal; competitive inhibition of uptake-1}}
Published	01/29/2024	Tricyclic Anti-Depressants: {{c1::inhibits uptake-1}}
Published	01/29/2024	Cocaine: {{c1::CNS: inhibits Uptake-1; PNS: inhibits Na+ channels}}
Published	01/29/2024	Epinephrine (Adrenaline): {{c1::α1, α2, β1, β2 agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline): {{c1::α1 and α2 agonist; mild β1 agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Phenylephrine: {{c1::α1 agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Methoxamine: {{c1::α1 agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Clonidine: {{c1::α2 (partial) agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	α-methylnoradrenaline: {{c1::α2 (partial) agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Isoproterenol: {{c1::β1, β2 agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Dobutamine: {{c1::β1 agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Albuterol: {{c1::β2 agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Terbutaline: {{c1::β2 agonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Phenoxybenzamine: {{c1::α1, α2 antagonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Phentolamine: {{c1::α1, α2 antagonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Prazosin: {{c1::α1 antagonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Yohimbine: {{c1::α2 antagonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Carvedilol: {{c1::α1, β1, β2 antagonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Nebivolol: {{c1::β1 antagonist + vasodilation (NO-like)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Propranolol: {{c1::β1, β2 antagonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Atenolol: {{c1::β1 antagonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Metoprolol: {{c1::β1 antagonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Hemicholinium: {{c1::inhibits Na+/ACh symporter - choline into synapse}}
Published	01/29/2024	Vesamicol: {{c1::inhibits Ach/H+ antiporter - packaging into vesicles}}
Published	01/29/2024	Botulinum Toxin: {{c1::inhibits vesicle release}}
Published	01/29/2024	Latrotoxin/Beta-Bungarotoxin (spiders): {{c1::destroys synaptic vesicles}}
Published	01/29/2024	3,4-diaminopyridine: {{c1::promotes vesicle fusion, release of ACh}}
Published	01/29/2024	Nicotine (long term): {{c1::chronic stimulation leads to antagonism}}
Published	01/29/2024	Hexamethonium: {{c1::competitive ganglionic nACh receptor blocker (short-acting, must be given IV)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Trimethaphan: {{c1::competitive ganglionic nACh receptor blocker (short-acting, must be given IV)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Carbachol: {{c1::bind muscarinic receptors and nicotinic "receptors"; resistant to ACE}}
Published	01/29/2024	Bethanecol: {{c1::bind muscarinic receptors only}}
Published	01/29/2024	Atropine: {{c1::competitively binds and inhibits mAChR, lasts 4 hours (longer if used for eye)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Pilocarpine: {{c1::bind muscarinic receptors only}}
Published	01/29/2024	Edrophonium: {{c1::competes w/ autoantibodies in MG}}
Published	01/29/2024	Neostigmine: {{c1::(oral) MG, also for neurogenic ileus and post-op urinary retention}}
Published	01/29/2024	Pyridostigmine: {{c1::MG}}
Published	01/29/2024	Physostigmine: {{c1::glaucoma (topical), atropine poisoning}}
Published	01/29/2024	Scopolamine: {{c1::like atropine peripherally, stronger CNS effects}}
Published	01/29/2024	Curare (tubocurarine, pancuronium, vecuronium, atracurium): {{c1::from plants, rapid course progresses to respiratory muscles}}
Published	01/29/2024	Succinylcholine: {{c1::acetylcholinesterase resistant}}
Published	01/29/2024	Organophosphates: {{c1::irreversibly binds ACE active site, alkyl group released (irreversible aging) --> cholinergic stimulation then paralysis [p…
Published	01/29/2024	Imipramine [{{c2::TCAs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits Uptake 1 (NE) and SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Doxepin [{{c2::TCAs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits Uptake 1 (NE) and SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Amitriptyline [{{c2::TCAs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits Uptake 1 (NE) and SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Nortriptyline [{{c2::TCAs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits Uptake 1 (NE)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Desipramine [{{c2::TCAs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits Uptake 1 (NE)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Clomipramine [{{c2::TCAs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits Uptake 1 (NE) and SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Amoxapine [{{c2::TCAs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits Uptake 1 (NE)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Fluoxetine [{{c2::SSRI::drug class}}] (Prozac): {{c1::Inhibits SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Paroxetine [{{c2::SSRI::drug class}}] (Paxil): {{c1::Inhibits SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Sertraline [{{c2::SSRI::drug class}}] (Zoloft): {{c1::Inhibits SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Citalopram [{{c2::SSRI::drug class}}] (Celexa): {{c1::Inhibits SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Escitalopram [{{c2::SSRI::drug class}}] (Lexapro): {{c1::Inhibits SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Fluvoxamine [{{c2::SSRI::drug class}}] (Luvox): {{c1::Inhibits SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Venlafaxine [{{c2::SNRI::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits Uptake 1 (NE) and SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Desvenlafaxine [{{c2::SNRI::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits Uptake 1 (NE) and SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Duloxetine [{{c2::SNRI::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits Uptake 1 (NE) and SERT (5-HT)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Cyproheptadine: {{c1::Inhibits SERT; inhibits NET (Uptake 1) at higher doses}}
Published	01/29/2024	Isocarboxazid [{{c2::MAOIs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Prevents neurotransmitter degradation inside neuron (MAO-A metabolizes 5-HT and NE)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Tranylcypromine [{{c2::MAOIs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Prevents neurotransmitter degradation inside neuron (MAO-A metabolizes 5-HT and NE)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Phenelzine [{{c2::MAOIs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Prevents neurotransmitter degradation inside neuron (MAO-A metabolizes 5-HT and NE)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Selegiline [{{c2::MAOIs::drug class}}]: {{c1::Prevents neurotransmitter degradation inside neuron (MAO-B metabolizes dopamine)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Mirtazapine: {{c1::Serotonin/NE disinhibitor; α2 receptor antagonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Bupropion: {{c1::NE/DA reuptake inhibitor}}
Published	01/29/2024	Trazodone: {{c1::5-HT antagonist/reuptake inhibitor}}
Published	01/29/2024	Nefazodone: {{c1::5-HT antagonist/reuptake inhibitor}}
Published	01/29/2024	Clozapine [{{c2::Atypical Antipsychotics::drug class}}]: {{c1::Blocks D2 receptors AND 5-HT2A receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Chlorpromazine [{{c2::Typical Antipsychotics::drug class}}]: {{c1::Blocks D2 receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Haloperidol [{{c2::Typical Antipsychotics::drug class}}]: {{c1::Blocks D2 receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Risperidone [{{c2::Atypical Antipsychotics::drug class}}]: {{c1::Blocks 5-HT2A receptors AND D2 receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Aripiprazole [{{c2::Atypical Antipsychotics::drug class}}]: {{c1::Acts as a partial agonist at D2 receptors; Blocks 5-HT2A receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Carbamazepine [{{c2::Sodium Channel blockers::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Blocks sodium channels; Induces P450 enzyme}}
Published	01/29/2024	Phenytoin [{{c2::Sodium Channel blockers::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Blocks sodium channels; Induces P450 enzyme}}
Published	01/29/2024	Oxcarbazepine [{{c2::Sodium Channel blockers::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Blocks sodium channels}}
Published	01/29/2024	Lamotrigine [{{c2::Sodium Channel blockers::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Blocks sodium channels}}
Published	01/29/2024	Benzodiazepines [{{c2::GABA receptor agonists::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Agonizes GABA receptors; Effective for status epilepticus}}
Published	01/29/2024	Barbiturates (Phenobarbital) [{{c2::GABA receptor agonists::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Agonizes GABA receptors; Effective for status epilepticus; Induc…
Published	01/29/2024	Felbamate [{{c2::Block excitatory synaptic binding of glutamate receptor::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Targets NMDA receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Tiagabine [{{c2::Block excitatory synaptic binding of glutamate receptor::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Targets kainate receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Ethosuximide [{{c2::T (Calcium) current suppressor::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Suppresses T-currents by binding α-2-Δ subunit of voltage-gated Ca++ cha…
Published	01/29/2024	Gabapentin [{{c2::Bind α-2-Δ subunit of voltage-gated Ca++ Channels::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Binds α-2-Δ subunit of voltage-gated Ca++ channels}}
Published	01/29/2024	Pregabalin [{{c2::Bind α-2-Δ subunit of voltage-gated Ca++ Channels::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Binds α-2-Δ subunit of voltage-gated Ca++ channels}}
Published	01/29/2024	Levetiracetam [{{c2::Presynaptic protein SV2A on synaptic vesicles::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Binds to presynaptic protein SV2A on synaptic vesicles}}
Published	01/29/2024	Topiramate [{{c2::Multiple Mechanisms::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Blocks sodium channels; Agonizes GABA receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Propofol [{{c2::Multiple Mechanisms::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Blocks sodium channels; Agonizes GABA receptors; Effective for status epilepticus}}
Published	01/29/2024	Valproate [{{c2::Multiple Mechanisms::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Blocks sodium channels; Agonizes GABA receptors; Suppresses T-currents}}
Published	01/29/2024	Zonisamide [{{c2::Multiple Mechanisms::mechanism class}}]: {{c1::Blocks sodium channels; Suppresses T-currents}}
Published	01/29/2024	Ibuprofen [{{c2::Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDs) Agents::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing synthesis and release…
Published	01/29/2024	Naproxen [{{c2::Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDs) Agents::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing synthesis and release …
Published	01/29/2024	Aspirin (ASA) [{{c2::Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDs) Agents::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing synthesis and rel…
Published	01/29/2024	Indomethacin [{{c2::Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDs) Agents::drug class}}]: {{c1::Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing synthesis and rele…
Published	01/29/2024	Acetaminophen [{{c2::Non-opioid analgesics::drug class}}]: {{c1::Mechanism like NSAIDs; Treatment of mild pain; NO effect on inflammation}}
Published	01/29/2024	Morphine (morphine sulfate) [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Agonist at Mu and weak Kappa receptors; mimics endorphins; activates pain modulating …
Published	01/29/2024	Hydromorphone [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Agonist at Mu and weak Kappa receptors; mimics endorphins; activates pain modulating system; binds …
Published	01/29/2024	Levorphenol [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Agonist at Mu receptors; also increases K+ efflux creating an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP…
Published	01/29/2024	Fentanyl (Analogs: sulfentanyl, alfentanyl, remifentanyl) [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Agonist at Mu receptors only; work centrally and have s…
Published	01/29/2024	Buprenorphine [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Partial agonist at Mu receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Nalbuphine [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Agonist at moderate Kappa receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Butorphenol [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Partial agonist at Mu receptors and full Kappa receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Pentazocine [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Weak partial agonist at Mu receptors and antagonist at Kappa receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Methadone [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Agonist at Mu receptors; NMDA antagonist effects; long half-life}}
Published	01/29/2024	Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Codeine [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Agonists at Mu receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Meperidine [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Agonist at Mu receptors; also give to patients with morphine allergy; good for chills}}
Published	01/29/2024	Propoxyphene [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Weak agonist; has very few advantages; psych reactions in elderly}}
Published	01/29/2024	Naloxone (Narcan) [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Competitive inhibitor of all opioid receptors; sudden complete antagonism can cause severe hype…
Published	01/29/2024	Tramadol [{{c2::Opioids::drug class}}]: {{c1::Agonist at Mu receptors; inhibits 5-HT and NE reuptake; alternative to opioids; not controlled substance…
Published	01/29/2024	Nitrous Oxide [{{c2::Inhaled (volatile anesthetics)::drug class}}]: {{c1::Vapor at room temp, not very soluble; not very potent; not metabolized}}
Published	01/29/2024	Halothane [{{c2::Inhaled (volatile anesthetics)::drug class}}]: {{c1::Liquid at room temp; very soluble, most potent of these drugs; ~20% metabolized}…
Published	01/29/2024	Sevoflurane [{{c2::Inhaled (volatile anesthetics)::drug class}}]: {{c1::Liquid at room temp}}
Published	01/29/2024	Isoflurane [{{c2::Inhaled (volatile anesthetics)::drug class}}]: {{c1::Liquid at room temp; very lipid soluble and fairly potent}}
Published	01/29/2024	Desflurane [{{c2::Inhaled (volatile anesthetics)::drug class}}]: {{c1::Liquid at room temp; almost boiling at room temp (vapor pressure ~700mmHg)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Thiopental [{{c2::Intravenous::drug class}}]: {{c1::Obsolete; may act on GABA receptors; highly lipid soluble; slow hepatic metabolism; not good for m…
Published	01/29/2024	Propofol [{{c2::Intravenous::drug class}}]: {{c1::Acts on GABA receptors and/or NMDA receptors; IV in lipid emulsion; rapid metabolism; popular for se…
Published	01/29/2024	Ketamine [{{c2::Intravenous::drug class}}]: {{c1::NMDA receptor antagonist; relatively rapid metabolism; ideal for difficult anesthesia scenarios; mai…
Published	01/29/2024	Thiopental [{{c2::Intravenous Anesthetics::drug class}}]: {{c1::May act on GABA receptors; highly lipid soluble}}
Published	01/29/2024	Propofol [{{c2::Intravenous Anesthetics::drug class}}]: {{c1::May act on GABA and/or NMDA receptors}}
Published	01/29/2024	Ketamine [{{c2::Intravenous Anesthetics::drug class}}]: {{c1::NMDA receptor antagonist}}
Published	01/29/2024	Ethanol [{{c2::Depressants}}]: {{c1::Via GABA neurotransmitter which is a CNS depressor; synergistic when multiple CNS depressants are used concomitan…
Published	01/29/2024	γ-hydroxybutyric acid [{{c2::Depressants}}]: {{c1::Strong relaxation (like alcohol w/o hangover); ↓HR, resp., motor coordination, balance; unconscious…
Published	01/29/2024	Benzodiazepines [{{c2::Depressants}}]: {{c1::Muscle relaxant; sedative; anticonvulsant; anxiolytic (reduces anxiety); CV/resp compromise infrequent; c…
Published	01/29/2024	Barbiturates [{{c2::Depressants}}]: {{c1::More easily overdosed (more toxic); otherwise like benzodiazepines}}
Published	01/29/2024	Opioids [{{c2::Depressants}}]: {{c1::Via release of dopamine in mesolimbic system; euphoria (pleasure)}}
Published	01/29/2024	LSD, Psilocybin (mushrooms) [{{c2::Hallucinogens}}]: {{c1::Nonselective 5-HT agonist; confusion of senses; seizures; severe hyperthermia; hypertension…
Published	01/29/2024	Marijuana (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol = THC) [{{c2::Cannabinoids}}]: {{c1::Euphoria; temporary disruption of testosterone (↓ penis size); immune sys…
Published	01/29/2024	Marinol/dronabinol (THC isomer) [{{c2::Cannabinoids}}]: {{c1::Unknown mechanism, possibly inhibition of vomiting control mechanism in medulla oblongat…
Published	01/29/2024	(Pseudo)Ephedrine/(Meth)Amphetamine [{{c2::Stimulants}}]: {{c1::Mainly act on DOPAMINE (also on NE and 5-HT); stimulates release of endogenous DA + in…
Published	01/29/2024	MDMA/MDA/PMA [{{c2::Stimulants}}]: {{c1::Mainly act on SEROTONIN (also on DA and NE)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Cocaine [{{c2::Stimulants}}]: {{c1::Stimulates release of endogenous DA + inhibits uptake of DA, NE, and 5-HT; appetite suppression; ↑ HR, BP, vasocon…
Published	01/29/2024	Ketamine [{{c2::Dissociative}}]: {{c1::Intense hallucinations; anesthesia; paralysis (spontaneous breathing/swallowing preserved); sedation; amnesia; …
Published	01/29/2024	Diphenhydramine: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H1 receptors in PNS and CNS --> ↓ DAG/IP3}} [{{c2::1st Generation H1 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Chorpheniramine: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H1 receptors in PNS and CNS --> ↓ DAG/IP3}} [{{c2::1st Generation H1 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Dimenhydrinate: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H1 receptors in PNS and CNS --> ↓ DAG/IP3}} [{{c2::1st Generation H1 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Doxylamine: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H1 receptors in PNS and CNS --> ↓ DAG/IP3}} [{{c2::1st Generation H1 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Cimetidine: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H2 receptors --> ↓ cAMP}} [{{c2::H2 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Ranitidine: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H2 receptors --> ↓ cAMP}} [{{c2::H2 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Famotidine: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H2 receptors --> ↓ cAMP}} [{{c2::H2 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Nizatidine: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H2 receptors --> ↓ cAMP}} [{{c2::H2 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Cetirizine: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H1 receptors in PERIPHERY only (do not cross BBB)}} [{{c2::2nd Generation H1 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Loratidine: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H1 receptors in PERIPHERY only (do not cross BBB)}} [{{c2::2nd Generation H1 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Fexofenadine: {{c1::Competitive, reversible inhibition of H1 receptors in PERIPHERY only (do not cross BBB)}} [{{c2::2nd Generation H1 Antagonist}}]
Published	01/29/2024	Acetaminophen [{{c2::Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)}}]: {{c1::Conjugates with arachidonic acid in CNS (enzymes that do this are only i…
Published	01/29/2024	Aspirin [{{c2::Salicylates}}]: {{c1::Selectively acetylates serine residue in COX active site (irreversible)}}
Published	01/29/2024	Ibuprofen [{{c2::Propionic Acid}}]: {{c1::Competitively, reversibly binds COX active site}}
Published	01/29/2024	Naproxen [{{c2::Propionic Acid}}]: {{c1::Competitively, reversibly binds COX active site}}
Published	01/29/2024	Prednisone [{{c2::Steroids (glucocorticoids = cortisol)}}]: {{c1::Binds nuclear receptors in cell cytoplasm --> changes protein levels in cells; po…
Published	01/29/2024	Celecoxib [{{c2::COX-2 Selective inhibitors}}]: {{c1::Drug is too large to bind COX-1 active site --> competitively binds COX-2 active site}}
Published	01/29/2024	Rofecoxib [{{c2::COX-2 Selective inhibitors}}]: {{c1::Drug is too large to bind COX-1 active site --> competitively binds COX-2 active site}}
Published	01/29/2024	Misoprostol [{{c2::Synthetic Prostanoids}}]: {{c1::Synthetic PGE1 analog; enhances normal PGE1 effects = ↓ acid production}}
Published	01/29/2024	Indomethacin [{{c2::Synthetic Prostanoids}}]: {{c1::↓ Movement of granulocytes into affected area}}
Published	01/29/2024	Albuterol [{{c2::Short acting β2 agonists (SABAs)}}]: {{c1::Bronchodilation}}
Published	01/29/2024	Terbutaline [{{c2::Short acting β2 agonists (SABAs)}}]: {{c1::Bronchodilation}}
Published	01/29/2024	Salmeterol [{{c2::Long acting β2 agonists (LABAs)}}]: {{c1::Bronchodilation}}
Published	01/29/2024	Formoterol [{{c2::Long acting β2 agonists (LABAs)}}]: {{c1::Bronchodilation}}
Published	01/29/2024	Beclamethasone [{{c2::Corticosteroids/Glucocorticoids}}]: {{c1::Inhibit inflammatory cascade}}
Published	01/29/2024	Fluticasone [{{c2::Corticosteroids/Glucocorticoids}}]: {{c1::Inhibit inflammatory cascade}}
Published	01/29/2024	Prednisone [{{c2::Corticosteroids/Glucocorticoids}}]: {{c1::Inhibit inflammatory cascade}}
Published	01/29/2024	Ipratropium [{{c2::Bronchoconstriction Blockers/Bronchodilators}}]: {{c1::Muscarinic receptor antagonist, blocks vagally mediated bronchoconstriction}…
Published	01/29/2024	Montekulast [{{c2::Inflammation Inhibitors}}]: {{c1::Binds cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1) - blocks action of leukotriene D4 (prevents broncho…
Published	01/29/2024	Cromolyn [{{c2::Other mechanisms}}]: {{c1::Prevents degranulation of mast cells}}
Published	01/29/2024	Salmeterol + Fluticasone [{{c2::Combination Therapy}}]: {{c1::Inhibits inflammatory cascade and bronchodilates}}
Published	01/29/2024	Zileuton [{{c2::Other mechanisms}}]: {{c1::Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase --> ↓ leukotriene synthesis}}
Published	01/29/2024	Methotrexate [{{c2::Disease-modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)}}]: {{c1::Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation (blocks purine synthesis) at low …
Published	01/29/2024	Leflunomide [{{c2::Disease-modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)}}]: {{c1::Block pyrimidine synthesis; acts on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase to inhib…
Published	01/29/2024	Sulfasalazine [{{c2::Disease-modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)}}]: {{c1::Anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial}}
Published	01/29/2024	Hydroxychloroquinone [{{c2::Disease-modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)}}]: {{c1::Interferes with antigen processing; inhibits phospholipase A2}}
Published	01/29/2024	Infliximab [{{c2::Biologic Therapies}}]: {{c1::Binds/neutralizes TNF-α preventing downstream signaling and destructive symptoms}}
Published	01/29/2024	Adalimumab [{{c2::Biologic Therapies}}]: {{c1::Binds/neutralizes TNF-α preventing downstream signaling and destructive symptoms}}
Published	01/29/2024	Etanercept [{{c2::Biologic Therapies}}]: {{c1::Genetically engineered fusion protein - binds TNF-α to prevent downstream signaling and destructive sym…
Published	01/29/2024	Indomethacin [{{c2::Acute Gout Therapy}}]: {{c1::NSAID that reduces movement of granulocytes to affected area}}
Published	01/29/2024	Allopurinol [{{c2::Prophylactic/Chronic Gout Treatment}}]: {{c1::Purine analog --> competitive inhibition of uric acid synthesis; less likely to fo…
Published	01/29/2024	Colchicine [{{c2::Prophylactic/Chronic Gout Treatment}}]: {{c1::Plant alkaloid; depolymerizes MT by binding tubulin --> ↓ granulocyte ability to mi…
Published	01/29/2024	Probenecid/Sulfinpyrazone [{{c2::Prophylactic/Chronic Gout Treatment}}]: {{c1::Weak organic acid; inhibits urate-anion exchanger (mediates uric acid r…
Status	Last Update	Fields