Notes in IB.. Bacterial Infections [Treponema Pallidum to Mycoplasma]

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Published	02/16/2025	{{c1::Treponema pallidum}}     ● Spirochetes      ● Long, slender, helically coiled, spiral or corkscrew shaped bacilli …
Published	02/16/2025	Treponema pallidum: {{c1::Cardiolipin}} - mportant component of treponemal antigens
Published	02/16/2025	Pathogenesis of Syphilis ● T. Pallidum penetrate intact mucous membrane or may enter through a break in the epidermis ● Spirochetes multiply locally a…
Published	02/16/2025	Syphilis Primary Stage: {{c1::Hard chancre}} (painless ulcer)
Published	02/16/2025	Syphilis Secondary Stage: {{c1::Condyloma lata}} (pale papules in the anogenital region, axillae, mouth), {{c2::rash}} (typically on the palms an…
Published	02/16/2025	Syphilis Latent Stage: {{c1::Asymptomatic}}, (+) serology
Published	02/16/2025	Syphilis Tertiary Stage: {{c1::Gumma}} (granulomatous lesions in the skin, bones, liver); {{c2::CNS}} symptoms (meningovascular syphilis, paresis, tab…
Published	02/16/2025	Syphilis Clinical Features:1. Congenital Syphilis Triad     a. {{c1::Interstitial keratitis}}     b. {{c2::Hutchinson's …
Published	02/16/2025	Syphilis Diagnostics1. Tissue fluids     a. Dark field microscopy     b. Immunofluorescence     c. Nuclei…
Published	02/16/2025	Serologic Test: Nontreponemal Test1. {{c1::Screening}} tests for syphilis and monitoring treatment2. Other names: Non-treponemal or reagin antibo…
Published	02/16/2025	Serologic Test: Treponemal Test1. Measures antibodies against {{c1::T. pallidum}} antigens2. Other name: specific test3. Ag used i…
Published	02/16/2025	Syphilis Treatment: {{c1::Penicillin G}} (Treatment of choice for all forms of syphilis) If allergic to Penicillin G:1. Doxycycline2. Tetrac…
Published	02/16/2025	{{c1::Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction}}1. Inflammatory reaction response to spirochaetal antigens2. Occurs within hours of the first antibiotic3. Fever, e…
Published	02/17/2025	{{c1::Gardnerella vaginale}}1. Cause bacterial vaginosis2. Replace the usually present lactobacilli3. It is not and STD
Published	02/16/2025	Bacterial Vaginosis clinical features: {{c1::Thin, milky}} vaginal discharge with {{c2::fishy}} odor.
Published	02/19/2025	Bacterial Vaginosis Diagnostic Criteria: {{c1::Amsel's Criteria}} wherein, 3 must be present to confirm
Published	02/16/2025	Bacterial vaginosis diagnostics: {{c1::Gram Stain}} (gold standard)1. Presence of clue cells and decreased number of lactobacilli ({{c2::Nug…
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Published	02/16/2025	Bacterial vaginosis treatment: {{c1::Metronidazole}} and {{c2::clindamycin}}
Published	02/16/2025	{{c1::Haemophilus ducreyi}}1. Highly contagious gram (-) rod 2. Require X factor 3. It causes chancroid
Published	02/16/2025	Haemophilus ducreyi: Signs and symptoms     - Painful tender ulcer, firm, tender and often bilateral {{c1::lymphadenopathy}}
Published	02/16/2025	Haemophilus ducreyi: Chancroid diagnosis - {{c1::school of fish}} in microscopy
Published	02/16/2025	Haemophilus ducreyi: Chancroid treatment1. {{c1::Azithromycin}} 2. {{c2::Ceftriaxone}} 3. {{c3::Ciprofloxacin}} 4. {{c4::Erythromycin}}
Published	02/16/2025	Mycoplasma1. {{c1::Smallest}} known prokaryotic cells 2. Reproduction {{c2::outside}} of the living host cell 3. Require {{c3::cholesterol}} for growt…
Published	02/16/2025	Ureaplasma urealyticum1. T Chain Mycoplasma2. 45-75% of healthy sexually active women are affected 3. Causes {{c1::non-gonococcal chlamydial urethriti…
Published	02/16/2025	Ureaplasma urealyticum1. Mode of transmission: Sexual contact2. Symptoms - Painful urination, burning sensation, and bad vaginal odor 3. Diagnostics -…
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