Notes in 06 Male genitourinary system

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Published	05/01/2023	854b7a08a48e41aa992a629047f1348a-ao-1
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Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe prostatic urethra is lined with {{c1::transitional epithelium::cell type}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhat is the prominent ridge of smooth muscle in the posterior portion of the prostatic urethra?{{c1::V…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe {{c1::verumontanum}} is the site of:{{c2::Paired ejaculatory duct orifices}}{{c3::Obstruction…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe {{c1::prostatic utricle}} is the blind-ending male homologue of the uterus and vagina ({{c1::Mulle…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe shortest, least mobile urethral segment is the {{c1::membranous}} urethra
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe membranous urethra is contained within the {{c1::urogenital diaphragm}} (contains the {{c2::e…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe bulbar urethra is the site of drainage of {{c1::Cowper's (or bulbourethral)}} glands
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe {{c1::penile urethra}} is the longest urethral segment, lined with {{c2::squamous epithelium::cell…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe distal portion of the penile urethra is {{c1::dilated::dilated/narrowed}} at the {{c1::glans …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe small mucous glands of the penile urethra are {{c1::glands of Littré}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe small glands of Littré normally {{c1::do not::do/do not}} opacify with injected contrast due to {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe glands of Littré opacify with injected contrast when {{c1::inflamed}} in the setting of {{c1:…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemRetrograde urethrogram (RUG) provides excellent evaluation of the {{c1::anterior urethra::structure}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemRetrograde urethrogram (RUG) Procedure:Cannulate {{c1::fossa navicularis::structure}} with {{c2::steri…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemVoiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) Procedure:Place {{c1::sterile Foley catheter::equipment}} in…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemVoiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) best evaluates the {{c1::posterior urethra::structure}} and is ty…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemUrethral strictures secondary to sexually transmitted disease (i.e., {{c1::Neisseria gonorrh…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemA complication of {{c1::chronic urethral}} infection is {{c1::periurethral abscess}} (may result in {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhere do post-traumatic saddle injury strictures tend to occur?{{c1::Bulbous urethra}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemAn iatrogenic stricture from a Foley catheter tends to occur where?{{c1::Penile urethra}} at the {{c1:…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemCase: Urethral TraumaRetrograde urethrogram (left image) shows {{c1::free extravasation of c…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemA retrograde urethrogram (RUG) should be performed emergently to exclude a(n) {{c1::urethral injury}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemHow many Goldman classifications of urethral injuries are there?{{c1::Six (I-IV, IVa, V)}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemUrethral Injury - Goldman Classification{{c1::Type I::type}} Injury: stretching of the {{c2::posterior…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemUrethral Injury - Goldman Classification{{c1::Type II::type}} Injury: {{c2::posterior urethral}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemUrethral Injury - Goldman Classification{{c1::Type III::type}} Injury: disruption of the {{c2::ur…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemUrethral Injury - Goldman ClassificationWhich urethral injury type is the most common?{{c1::Type III}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhen traumatic urethral injury is confirmed with imaging (RUG), a(n) {{c1::suprapubic catheter::interv…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemUrethral Injury - Goldman Classification{{c1::Type IV::type}} Injury: {{c2::bladder base}} injury…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemUrethral Injury - Goldman Classification{{c1::Type IVa::type}} Injury: {{c2::bladder base::struct…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemUrethral Injury - Goldman Classification{{c1::Type V::type}} Injury: isolated {{c2::anterior uret…
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Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhat is an acquired condition associated with penile deformity and shortening of the penis that can le…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPeyronie disease is commonly associated with a {{c1::dorsal::ventral/dorsal}} penile curvature, usuall…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPeyronie disease is caused by palpable plaque formation in the {{c1::tunica albuginea}} and {{c1::corp…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe etiology of Peyronie disease is unclear but possibly associated with abnormal response t…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe acute phase of Peyronie disease lasts {{c1::12-18 months}} and is assocaited with {{c2::pain}} and…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemThe penile deformity in chronic phase Peyronie disease is most commonly {{c1::dorsal curvature}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhen is surgical intervention recommended in Peyronie disease?Cases of {{c1::severe bending}} or {{c1:…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhy is surgical intervention deferred until the chronic phase in Peyronie disease?{{c1::Minimize theor…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemUltrasound is highly sensitive for penile {{c1::plaques}} and {{c1::calcifications}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPenile plaques on ultrasound appear as {{c1::localized echogenic thickening::description}} of the {{c1…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPenile plaques are most often seen on the {{c1::dorsal surface}} ({{c2::70}}%) or {{c1::midshaft}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemMRI can be used in complex cases of Peyronie disease for {{c1::surgical planning}} and better characte…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPenile calcifications in Peyronie disease are difficult to see on {{c1::MRI::modality}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhat imaging modality has limited role in evaluation of Peyronie disease?{{c1::CT}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPenile plaques in Peyronie disease are seen as focal areas of {{c1::T1 and T2 hypointense thicken…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPenile cancer is relatively {{c1::rare::incidence}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPrimary penile neoplasms are >{{c1::95}}% {{c1::squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)::cancer type}} and ty…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemSpread of penile cancer typically occurs via {{c1::lymphatics}} and varies on location:{{c2::Skin of p…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhat structure acts as a barrier for corporal invasion and hematogenous spread in penile carcinoma?{{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemTwo penile cancer staging systems are used:{{c1::TNM (most common)}}{{c2::Jackson classification}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhat are two important components of penile cancer staging?Invasion into the {{c1::shaft/corpora}} and…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary System{{c2::Lower stage (I/II disease)}} penile carcinoma is usually curable with {{c1::local resection}} wi…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemHigh stage penile carcinoma often requires {{c1::palliative treatment::treatment}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPenile fracture is a {{c1::urologic emergency::urgency}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPenile fracture is a rupture (usually unilateral) of {{c1::corpus cavernosum::structure}} and surround…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPenile fracture is usually caused by external force on a(n) {{c1::erect penis during intercourse::situ…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPenile fracture is typically accompanied by a(n) {{c1::cracking sensation::symptoms}}, {{c1::severe pa…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary System{{c1::Surgical repair::treatment}} is recommended for suspected/confirmed tear of the {{c2::tunica alb…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhat situations may imaging be recommended to confirm penile fracture?{{c1::Severe pain/swelling::symp…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemPenile fracture is demonstrated by discontinuity of the {{c1::tunica albuginea::structure}} on imaging
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemWhich imaging modality is more sensitive in penile fracture and provides best assessment of tear …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Male Genitourinary SystemCase: Penile TraumaYellow arrow: Sagittal oblique T2-weighted fat-suppressed MRI shows {{c1:…
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