Notes in 03TissueProcessing

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Published	07/30/2024	1. Fixation2. Dehydration3. Clearing4. Infiltration 5. Embedding
Published	07/30/2024	In Tissue Processing, {{c1::dehydration}} is the process of removing intracellular and extracellular water from the tissue following fixation and…
Published	07/30/2024	Immersing the specimen in a series of ethanol solutions, specifically in graded concentrations 70% → 90% → 100% (absolute alcohol), minimizes som…
Published	07/30/2024	For fatty tissues, esp. those with benign neoplasms of fat called “{{c1::lipoma}}", {{c2::acetone or isopropanol}} should be added first before the fi…
Published	07/30/2024	Right after dehydration, tissues are water-free, but still cannot be infiltrated with wax (wax & ethanol are immiscible). So, in {{c1::c…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Infiltration}} a.k.a. impregnation is a process whereby the clearing agent is completely removed from the tissue and replaced by a med…
Published	07/30/2024	Recommended tissue thickness is typically not more than {{c1::4 mm}} thick.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Vacuum}} improves processing quality and aids in removal of trapped air from porous tissue and can reduce the {{c2::infiltration time}} when dea…
Published	07/30/2024	Proper {{c1::Tissue Processing}} ensures tissues to be adequately prepared and set in a {{c2::paraffin block}} ready for cutting to ensure that the ti…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::automated}} method of tissue processing uses a {{c2::tissue processor}} and is the method used by most laboratories.
Published	07/30/2024	In a {{c1::tissue transfer}} processor, the specimen-containing casettes are moved from one container to another.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::fluid transfer}} processor is also known as {{c2::enclosed tissue}} processor.
Published	07/30/2024	In a fluid transfer processor, cassettes stay in a single chamber and fluids are pumped in and out as required.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	The specimens dry out within the chamber of a fluid transfer processor. {{c1::F::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	In a fluid transfer processor, reagent vapors are vented through {{c1::filters}} or retained in a {{c2::closed-loop system}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The ideal fixative of choice is {{c1::10% Neutral Buffered Formalin}}. Tissue should be fixed in a sufficient volume of solution, aroun…
Published	07/30/2024	In Tissue Processing, {{c1::fixation}} involves the alteration of tissues by stabilizing proteins so that the tissues become resistant to ch…
Published	07/30/2024	The entire process of tissue processing takes {{c1::12 hours::time}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In dehydration, the volume of ethanol should not be less than {{c1::10x the volume of tissue}} to ensure complete penetration of the tissue.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Clearing}} is the process whereby alcohol or dehydrating agent is removed from the tissue and replaced with a substance that will dissolve in th…
Published	07/30/2024	Clearing, also known as {{c1::de-alcoholization}} lasts from stations {{c2::8-10}}, takes {{c2::3 hours::time}} and uses the reagent {{…
Published	07/30/2024	2 - 70% alcohol3 - 80% alcohol4 - 95% alcohol5 - 95% alcohol6 - 100% [absolute] alcohol7 - 100% [absolute] alcohol
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Wax}} is a mixture of purified paraffin wax and additives (resins).
Published	07/30/2024	tissue density and thicknessagitation temperaturevacuum pressure
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Agitation}} speeds up fluid exchange by increasing the flow of fresh fluids in and around tissues and the surface area available …
Published	07/30/2024	Optimal temperature for tissue processing is {{c1::37 – 45 °C}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::High::High/Low}} temperature can cause tissue to shrink and become hard and brittle.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Low::High/Low}} pressure {{c2::increases::increases/decreases}} filtration rate and {{c2::decreases::increases/decreases}} tissue processing tim…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::High::High/Low}} pressure facilitates infiltration of dense specimens with the more viscous embedding media.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Low::High/Low}} temperature {{c2::increases::increases/decreases}} the viscosity of the reagents used in tissue processing.
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