Notes in 15 Shoulder

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Published	05/01/2023	20d94308c71e4e7bbe831c1c7679dc96-ao-1
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Published	05/01/2023	20d94308c71e4e7bbe831c1c7679dc96-ao-9
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Injuries to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint typically occur in {{c1::young athletic adults::population}}, most…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries range from an {{c1::AC ligament sprain}} (grade I) to complete disruption…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder The normal acromioclavicular (AC) joint space should be <{{c1::5}} mm and the normal coracoclavicular (CC) d…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder An asymmetry of the acromioclavicular joint of >{{c1::50}}% side-to-side is abnormal.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Displacement of the acromion and clavicle determines {{c1::acromioclavicular}} ligament integrity, while the {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Rockwood classification of Acromioclavicular joint injury: Grade {{c1::I}}: AC ligament sprain. Radiograph…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Rockwood classification of Acromioclavicular joint injury: Grade {{c1::II}}: Disruption of the acromioclav…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Rockwood classification of Acromioclavicular joint injury: Grade {{c1::III}}: Acromioclavicular joint and …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Rockwood classification of Acromioclavicular joint injury: Grade {{c1::IV}}: Distal clavicle displaced {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Rockwood classification of Acromioclavicular joint injury: Grade {{c1::V}}: Severe grade III injury, with …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Rockwood classification of Acromioclavicular joint injury: Grade {{c1::VI}}: {{c2::Inferior}} dislocation …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Which two bursae in the shoulder nromally communicate with each other? {{c1::subacromial and subdeltoid}}
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Fluid injected into the glenohumeral joint that extends into the {{c1::subacromial/ subdeltoid}} bursa is …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder The {{c1::subcoracoid}} bursa is located between the {{c2::subscapularis muscle}} and the {{c2::coracoid proces…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder The {{c1::subscapular}} bursa is located between the {{c2::anterior surface of the scapula}} and the {{c2:…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder The {{c1::axillary pouch}} has a U-shaped appearance banded by the {{c2::inferior glenohumeral}} ligament.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Shoulder impingement was originally described as chronic compression/irritation of the structures that pass thr…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderExtrinsic impingement is caused by structural abnormalities external to the joint and is divided into {{c1::primary}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Primary external::extrinsic subtype}} impingement is common and is due to a variation in the anatomy of the {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Primary external::extrinsic subtype}} impingement is typically seen in young athletes involved with throwing or…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderChronic primary external impingement may cause the {{c1::supraspinatus}} tendon and/or the proximal aspect of the lon…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Subcoracoid::extrinsic subtype}} impingement is less common and occurs when the {{c2::coracohumeral}} distance …
Published	05/01/2023	5f8486f17f4e4ba1ad68f6aad4d158e8-ao-1
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Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Intrinsic::intrinsic/extrinsic}} impingement is related to glenohumeral instability and is caused by abnormalit…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderAn acromion with a hooked undersurface (type {{c1::III}}) or convex undersurface (type {{c1::IV}}) may contribute to …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderFriction of the acromion against the immediately underlying {{c1::supraspinatus}} and {{c1::biceps}} tendons may pred…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderType {{c1::1}} acromion
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderType {{c1::2}} acromion
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderType {{c1::3}} acromion
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderType {{c1::4}} acromion
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderWhat is a persistent accessory ossification center of the acromion seen in up to 15% of patients?{{c1::Os acromiale}}
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderAn os acromiale is best evaluated on the {{c1::axial::plane}} images
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderAlthough the presence of an os acromiale may be an asymptomatic normal variant, the presence of {{c1::marrow edema}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderWhat is the treatment for an os acromiale?{{c1::resection}} or {{c1::fusion}}
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe rotator cuff is an acti ve stabilizer of the {{c1::glenohumeral}} joint.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderMuscles and tendons of the rotator cuff: {{c1::supraspinatus}}{{c2::infraspinatus}}{{c3::teres minor}} {{c4…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor are located posterior to the body of the scapula and insert on the …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe subscapularis is anterior to the scapula and inserts on the {{c1::lesser tuberosity}}.
Published	05/01/2023	71813202285d409abe3ebb068198b154-ao-1
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Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Tendinosis (tendinopathy)}} is mucoid degeneration of the tendon, {{c2::without::with/without}} active inflamma…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderIn tendinopathy of the shoulder, the normal {{c1::lamellar}} structure of the rotator cuff tendon is lost.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderIn tendinopathy of the shoulder, the tendon appears {{c1::expansile}} and {{c1::intermediate}} in signal intensity.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderComplete rotator cuff tears allow communication between the {{c1::subacromial/subdeltoid}} bursa and the {{c2::glenoh…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::footprint}} of a rotator cuff tear is the attachment of the tendons at the greater tuberosity.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::critical zone}} of a rotator cuff tear is a potentially undervascularized portion of the distal {{c2::supra…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderRelatively decreased {{c1::vascular supply}} may predispose to rupture in the critical zone in a rotator cuff tear.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle is the {{c1::supraspinatus}}, followed by the {{c1::infraspinatus}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::teres minor}} is the least commonly injured rotator cuff muscle.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderIn a partial-thickness tear, MR arthrography {{c1::will not::will/will not}} show communication between the injected …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderWhy might it be challenging to diagnose a partial-thickness tear without MR arthrography?{{c1::Reparative granulation…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderPartial tears can be divided into {{c1::bursal-surface}}, {{c2::articular-surface}}, or {{c3::intrasubstance}} t…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Articular-surface}} tears are by far the most common type of partial tear.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderA {{c1::rim rent}} tear is an avulsion-type partial tear of the articular surface of the {{c2::supraspinatus}} as it …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::PAINT (partial articular tear with intratendinous extension)}} lesion is a partial rotator cuff tear at the…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderArrow: {{c1::discontinuity}} of the articular surfaceDiagnosis: {{c2::partial::complete/partial}} articular surface {…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderA {{c1::full::full/partial}}-thickness rotator cuff tear is seen on MR arthrography when fluid injected into the glen…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::supraspinatus}} is most commonly torn in a full thickness rotator cuff tear.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderApproximately {{c1::30}}–{{c1::40}}% of supraspinatus tears are also associated with a tear of the infraspinatus.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe infraspinatus is rarely torn in isolation; however isolated infraspinatus tears can be seen in the setting of {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderWhen a isolated infraspinatus tear is identified, the {{c1::posterior capsule}} and {{c2::labrum}} should also be eva…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderIn a chronic full-thickness tear due to rheumatoid arthritis, the humeral head migrates {{c1::superiorly::direction}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderAtrophy of the rotator cuff is most commonly due to chronic {{c1::rotator cuff tear}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Full-thickness rotator cuff tear:small: < {{c1::1}} cm massive: > {{c1::5}} cm
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Fatty degeneration may occur within {{c1::4}} weeks of a rotator cuff injury and is usually {{c1::irreversible:…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder The degree of fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff muscles should be routinely assessed in the {{c1::sagittal…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder The degree of {{c1::fatty replacement}} in rotator cuff atrophy can be graded with the {{c2::Goutallier}} class…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Goutallier classification of rotator cuff muscle fatty degeneration:Grade {{c1::0}}: Normal muscle, no fat.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Goutallier classification of rotator cuff muscle fatty degeneration:Grade {{c1::1}}: Muscle contains a few fatt…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Goutallier classification of rotator cuff muscle fatty degeneration:Grade {{c1::2}}: Fatty infiltration, more m…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Goutallier classification of rotator cuff muscle fatty degeneration:Grade {{c1::3}}: Fatty infiltration, equal …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Goutallier classification of rotator cuff muscle fatty degeneration:Grade {{c1::4}}: Fatty infiltration, more f…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Less commonly, rotator cuff atrophy may be secondary to {{c1::denervation atrophy::chronic tear/denervation atr…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder Denervation atrophy of the rotator cuff is usually associated with a {{c1::paralabral::location}} {{c1::cyst}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderYellow arrow: discontinuity and retraction of the {{c1::supraspinatus tendon}}Red arrows: large {{c2::effusion }…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::rotator interval}} is a triangular region that allows rotational motion around the coracoid process.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe rotator interval is located between the {{c1::supraspinatus}} and {{c1::subscapularis}} tendons.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe rotator interval contains the {{c1::coracohumeral ligament (CHL)}}, the {{c2::long head of the biceps tendon (LHB…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::coracohumeral}} ligament connects the lateral aspect of the coracoid process to the greater tubercle of the…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::coracohumeral}} ligament helps to stabilize the intra-articular {{c2::biceps}} tendon together with the sup…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe coracohumeral ligament is located {{c1::external::internal/external}} to the joint capsule.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe glenohumeral ligaments (SGHL [superior glenohumeral ligament], MGHL [middle glenohumeral ligament], and IGHL [inf…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments (SGHL [superior glenohumeral ligament] and MGHL [middle glenohum…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) is congenitally absent in up to {{c1::1/3}} of patients.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderTears of the {{c1::(MGHL) middle glenohumeral}} ligament are associated with SLAP (superior labrum anterior and poste…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c2::inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL)::ligament}} connects the {{c1::anatomic neck}} of the humerus to the …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL)}} is by far the most important component of the capsulolabral complex…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderComponents of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL):{{c1::anterior band }}{{c2::axillary pouch }}{{c3::…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) provides {{c1::anterior::anterior/posterior}} stabilit…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderWhat is the only glenohumeral ligament to have a posterior component? {{c1::inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderWhat three structures in the shoulder attak to the anterosuperior glenoid rim?{{c1::long head biceps tendon }}{{…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Adhesive capsulitis}} is thickening and contraction of the glenohumeral joint capsule due to inflammation of th…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderClincal manifestations of adhesive capsulitis: shoulder {{c1::pain}} and loss of {{c1::range of motion }}
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderMRI findings for adhesive capsulitis: {{c1::thickening}}, {{c1::edema}}, and {{c1::enhancement}} of the joint ca…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderRadiographs for adhesive capsulitis are often normal but are helpful to exclude other causes of pain, such as {{c1::g…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderYellow arrows: {{c3::thickening}} and {{c3::enhancement}} of the inferior glenohumeral ligament Red arrow: {{c2:…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe long head of the biceps tendon originates at the {{c1::superior labrum}} and courses in the {{c1::intertubercular…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderWhy is it normal to see fluid in the biceps tendon sheath?It comunicates with the {{c1::glenohumeral joint}}
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::biceps pulley}} is a capsuloligamentous complex that stabilizes the biceps tendon in a sling within the bic…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe biceps pulley is formed by the {{c1::superior glenohumeral ligament}}, {{c2::coracohumeral ligament}}, and the di…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderApproximately 33% of supraspinatus tendon tears are associated with {{c1::biceps tendon injury}} (complete tear, part…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe biceps tendon is at risk for impingement due to its location partially underneath the {{c1::supraspinatus tendon}…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderAn empty intertubercular groove may signify a complete {{c1::biceps tendon tear}} with retraction or a biceps tendon …
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderBiceps tendon subluxation and dislocation are associated with injury to the {{c1::transverse humeral ligament}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::transverse humeral ligament}} attaches to the greater and lesser tuberosities and normally holds the biceps…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderYellow arrows: {{c1::medial::medial/lateral}} intra-articular dislocation of the {{c1::biceps tendon}} Red arrow…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Biceps tendon dislocation}} is often seen in conjunction with injury of both the {{c2::transverse ligament}}&nb…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Medial::medial/lateral}} dislocation of the biceps tendon is associated with tear of the {{c2::subscapularis te…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Axial::plane}} MRI best demonstrates biceps tendon dislocation.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderIn a biceps tendon dislocation the {{c1::bicipital groove}} is empty and the tendon can usually be seen {{c1::medial:…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Shoulder instability}} is abnormal motion of the humeral head with respect to the glenoid during movement, prod…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderShoulder instability can manifest as {{c1::dislocation}}, {{c2::subluxation}}, or {{c3::microinstability}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderYellow arrow: {{c1::medial::medial/lateral}} {{c1::dislocation}} of the biceps tendon Blue arrow: {{c2::intersti…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe stability of the glenohumeral joint is mostly provided by {{c1::dynamic}} and {{c1::static}} soft-tissue stabiliz…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint include the {{c1::rotator cuff}} and {{c1::biceps}} tendons.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe static stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint is the {{c1::capsulo-labro-ligamentous}} complex.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderComponents of the capsulo-labro-ligamentous complex: bony {{c1::glenoid fossa }}{{c2::labrum }}{{c3::c…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderTraumatic shoulder instability is referred to as TUBS: {{c1::traumatic }}{{c2::unidirectional }}{{c3::…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::AIOS (acquired, instability, overstress, surgery)::AIOS/AMBRI}}pattern of atraumatic shoulder instablity is…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::AMBRI (atraumatic, multidirectional, bilateral, rehabilitation, inferior capsule shift)::AIOS/AMBRI}} atra…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderAIOS pattern of atraumatic shoulder instability: {{c1::acquired }}{{c2::instablity }}{{c3::overstress&…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderAMBRI pattern of atraumatic shoulder instability: {{c1::atraumatic }}{{c2::multidirectional }}{{c3::bi…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderSimilar to traumatic shoulder dislocations, {{c1::anterior::direction}} instability accounts for the vast majority (9…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::glenoid labrum}} is a fibrocartilaginous ring-like structure that rests on the glenoid hyaline cartilage an…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe glenoid labrum increases the {{c1::surface area}} and {{c1::depth}} of the glenoid cavity.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::glenoid labrum}} provides a suction effect, adhering the humeral head to the glenoid with motion.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderA {{c1::sublabral foramen}} (seen in {{c1::10}}% of pati ents) is a normal labral variant where the anterosuperior se…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderA {{c1::Buford complex}} is an uncommon labral variant (seen in up to {{c1::6.5}}% of patients) where a cord-like mid…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::sublabral recess or foramen}} (seen in {{c1::11}}% of patients) is an unattached portion of the anterosuper…
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Published	05/01/2023	e9fef5174df94f7d95b4792bbb3ca8e8-ao-10
Published	05/01/2023	e9fef5174df94f7d95b4792bbb3ca8e8-ao-11
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Anterior::anterior/posterior}} dislocation of the humerus with respect to the glenoid is by far the most common…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderAnterior dislocation is usually caused by {{c1::direct force}} on the arm.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe humeral head usually dislocates in an {{c1::anteroinferior}} direction.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderIn an anterior glenohumeral dislocation, the recoil from the dislocation force causes the {{c1::posterolateral}} hume…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::Hill-Sachs}} lesion is an impaction fracture of the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderOn radiography, the Hill-Sachs lesion is best demonstrated on an AP radiograph with the arm in {{c1::internal rotatio…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderOn cross-sectional imaging, a Hill-Sachs lesion should be {{c1::above::above/below}} the level of the coracoid.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderThe {{c1::Bankart}} lesion is an injury of the anterior-inferior rim of the glenoid, commonly in the setting of an an…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderYellow arrows: {{c1::Bankart fracture}} Red arrow: {{c2::Hill-Sachs lesion}}
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderPosterior glenohumeral dislocation represents only {{c1::2–3}}% of dislocations and is usually due to {{c1::severe mu…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderDiagnosis of a {{c1::posterior::anterior/posterior}} dislocation is much more challenging as the standard frontal rad…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: Shoulder{{c1::Transscapular Y}} view or {{c1::axillary}} view will best show the posterior dislocation.
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderDiagnosis of a posterior glenohumeral dislocation is usually straightforward on an axillary view; however, many patie…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderA {{c1::Grashey}} ({{c2::40}}° oblique) view in a non-dislocated shoulder normally will show {{c2::clear space}} betw…
Published	05/01/2023	Musculoskeletal Imaging: ShoulderIn {{c2::posterior::anterior/posterior}} glenohumeral dislocations there will be {{c1::overlap}} of the medially disp…
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