Notes in 01_Incontinence

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	02/10/2024	Types of Incontinence (3){{c1::}}
Published	02/10/2024	Extrinsic Causes of Incontinence {{c1::Physical state and co-morbidities}} {{c1::Reduced mobility}} {{c1::Confusion (delirium or dementia)}} {{c1::Dri…
Published	02/10/2024	Intrinsic Causes of Incontinence {{c1::Bladder and Outlet either too weak or too strong}} {{c1::Weak pelvic floor muscles}} {{c1::Pregnancy and Post p…
Published	02/10/2024	Physiology of Urine Storage{{c1::Detrusor muscle relaxation with filling (<10cm pressure) to normal volume 400-600ml combined with sphincter contra…
Published	02/10/2024	Physiology of Voluntary Voiding{{c1::Voluntary relaxation of external sphincter and involuntary relaxation of internal sphincter and contraction of bl…
Published	02/10/2024	Parasympathetic Innervation of BladderInnervation Root: {{c1::S2-S4}} Action: {{c1::increases strength and frequency of detrusor muscle contractions}}
Published	02/10/2024	Sympathetic Innervation of BladderInnervation Root: {{c1::T10-L2}} and {{c1::T10-S2}}Action:[1] {{c1::(T10-L2) — beta-adrenoreceptor causes …
Published	02/10/2024	Somatic Innervation of BladderInnervation Root: {{c1::S2-S4}} Action: {{c1::contraction of pelvic floor muscle and external urethral sp…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of {{c2::Stress}} Incontinence {{c1::Weak bladder outlet}} {{c1::Urine leak on movement (Coughing, Laughing, Squatting)}} {{c1::Weak pelvic f…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of {{c2::Urinary Retention with Overflow}} Incontinence {{c1::Bladder outlet is too strong}} {{c1::Obstructive: Poor urine flow, double voidi…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of {{c2::Urge}} Incontinence {{c1::Bladder muscle is too strong}} {{c1::Detrusor contracts at low volumes}} {{c1::Sudden urge to pass ur…
Published	02/10/2024	Features of {{c2::Neuropathic Bladder}} Incontinence {{c1::Underactive bladder secondary to neuro disease (e.g. MS, Stroke) or prolonged catheterisati…
Published	02/10/2024	Assessment of Incontinence {{c1::History (social history, identify extrinsic factors)}} {{c1::Advise lifestyle, behavioural changes, and stop unnecess…
Published	02/10/2024	Indications for Referral of {{c2::Urinary}} Incontinence to Specialists{{c1::Referral after failure of initial management (max 3 months of pelvic floo…
Published	02/10/2024	Referral of {{c2::Urinary}} Incontinence is necessary at onset of the following: {{c1::Vesico-vaginal fistula}} {{c1::Palpable bladder after micturiti…
Published	02/10/2024	Indications for Referral of {{c2::Faecal}} Incontinence to Specialists {{c1::Referral after failure of initial management constipation or diarrhoea w…
Published	02/10/2024	Referral of {{c2::Faecal}} Incontinence is necessary at onset of: {{c1::suspected sphincter damage}} {{c1::neurological damage}}
Published	02/10/2024	General and Medical Treatment of {{c2::Stress}} Incontinence {{c1::Physiotherapy (e.g. Kegel exercises)}} {{c1::Oestrogen cream}} {{c1::Duloxetine}}
Published	02/10/2024	Surgical Treatment of {{c2::Stress}} Incontinence is {{c1::Tension-free vaginal tape}} or {{c1::Culposuspension}}
Published	02/10/2024	Treatment of {{c2::Urinary Retention with Overflow}} Incontinence {{c1::Alpha blocker (relaxes sphincter, e.g. tamsulosin)}} {{c1::Anti androgen (shri…
Published	02/10/2024	Treatment of {{c2::Urge}} Incontinence {{c1::Anti-muscarinics (relax detrusor, e.g. oxybutinin, tolterodine, solifenacin)}} {{c1::Bladder re-training}…
Published	02/10/2024	Treatment of {{c2::Neuropathic Bladder}} Incontinence {{c1::Parasympathomimetics}} may be of use, other medications are unsatisfactory {{c1::Catheteri…
Published	02/10/2024	Main Drugs for Treatment of Incontinence {{c1::Antimuscarinics (e.g. oxybutinin, tolterodine, solifenacin, trospium)}} for Urge incontinence {{c1::Al…
Published	02/10/2024	Options for Management of Incontinence if All Else Fails {{c1::Incontinence pads}} {{c1::Urosheaths}}{{c1::Intermittent catheterisation}} {{c1::Long t…
Status	Last Update	Fields