Notes in BS Week 2 - GI Part 2

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Published	05/12/2025	what are the 3 major host inflammatory modulators of the GI tract?
Published	05/12/2025	how does the major host inflammatory modulators of the GI tract lead to IBD?
Published	05/12/2025	what factors promote inflammation in IBD?
Published	05/12/2025	what are the two types of IBD and how do they differ?
Published	05/12/2025	what site does UC affect vs CD?
Published	05/12/2025	Crohn Disease has {{c1::skip area}} involvement while ulcerative colitis has {{c1::continuous}} involvement
Published	05/12/2025	what are the pathological features of Crohn Disease?
Published	05/12/2025	what mediates LES relaxation?
Published	05/12/2025	Pathophysiology of primary Achalasia
Published	05/12/2025	what is the cause of diffuse esophageal spasm?
Published	05/12/2025	what is the difference between diffuse esophageal spasm vs achalasia?
Published	05/12/2025	what is globus pharyngeus also known as?
Published	05/12/2025	what is globus pharyngeus?
Published	05/12/2025	what is thought to be the cause of globus pharyngeus?
Published	05/12/2025	what is gastroparesis?
Published	05/12/2025	what is thought to be the main causes of gastroparesis?
Published	05/12/2025	what is normal gastric emptying scintigraphy vs abnormal?
Published	05/12/2025	where does absorption mainly occur?
Published	05/12/2025	where is B12 absorbed?
Published	05/12/2025	what are the requirements for absorption? (5)
Published	05/12/2025	what are the two types of malabsorption?
Published	05/12/2025	what is generalized malabsorption?
Published	05/12/2025	what is specific malabsorption?
Published	05/12/2025	what enzymes may be missing in specific malabsorption?
Published	05/12/2025	what is celiac disease?
Published	05/12/2025	what does inflammation in celiac disease cause?
Published	05/12/2025	what is Hirschsprung's Disease also known as?
Published	05/12/2025	what is Hirschsprung's Disease?
Published	05/12/2025	when should Hirschsprung's Disease be considered a possible dx?
Published	05/12/2025	Gastroparesis arises in the {{c1::stomach}} while malabsorption is due to the {{c1::small intestine}} and Hirschsprung's disease due to defect in the …
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Published	05/12/2025	6e00d172f47c407ca020cff27c5691d0-oa-4
Published	05/14/2025	what gene mutation is associated with an increase risk of Crohn's Disease by 20-40 fold?
Published	05/14/2025	what gene is associated with ulcerative colitis?
Published	05/14/2025	what are 2 genetic conditions predispose someone to colorectal cancer (CRC)?
Published	05/14/2025	{{c1::70%}} of CRC are sporadic (no fmhx) however {{c1::25%}} are classified as "familial"
Published	05/14/2025	Most CRCs arise from {{c1::adenomas (adenomatous polyps)}} that become {{c1::dysplastic}}.
Published	05/14/2025	what reduces the risk of CRC?
Published	05/14/2025	what type of inheritence is associated with hereditary CRC syndromes?
Published	05/14/2025	what variant of FAP is a a hereditary CRC?
Published	05/14/2025	what type of inheritance is MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP)?
Published	05/14/2025	Being a carrier of what hereditary CRC syndromes have a very high likelihood of developing CRC?
Published	05/14/2025	what hereditary CRC syndrome has nearly complete penetrance (100% will develop CRC)?
Published	05/14/2025	what about FAP makes it nearly complete penetrance?
Published	05/14/2025	what is the screening recommendations for those at risk of FAP?
Published	05/14/2025	what is the treatment for someone with FAP?
Published	05/14/2025	what hereditary CRC syndrome is formly known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer?
Published	05/14/2025	Besides CRC, what else does Lynch Syndrome put someone at an increased risk of developing?
Published	05/14/2025	CRC from Lynch syndrome predominantly {{c1::right-sided}}, whereas sporadic CRC is more commonly {{c1::left-sided}}
Published	05/14/2025	what is the 3-2-1 Rule for Lynch Syndrome Amsterdam II Critera?
Published	05/14/2025	what is the management for Lynch Syndrome?
Published	05/14/2025	what is Wilson Disease?
Published	05/14/2025	what gene is affected with Wilson Disease?
Published	05/14/2025	what type of inheritance is Wilson Disease?
Published	05/14/2025	between what ages is Wilson's Disease commonly diagnosed?
Published	05/14/2025	what are the differences in clinical manifestations of Wilson's Disease in children vs adolescents/adults?
Published	05/14/2025	what is hallmark sign of Wilson's Disease?
Published	05/14/2025	what diagnostic studies are available for further evaluation of Wilson's Disease?
Published	05/14/2025	psychiatric manifestations of Wilson's disease
Published	05/14/2025	treatment for Wilson's Disease?
Published	05/14/2025	what is hereditary hemochromatosis?
Published	05/14/2025	what gene is affected in hereditary hemochromatosis?
Published	05/14/2025	what type of inheritance is hereditary hemochromatosis?
Published	05/14/2025	what is a hallmark sign of hereditary hemochromatosis?
Published	05/14/2025	what labs would be elevated in HH (hereditary hemochromatosis)?
Published	05/14/2025	what lab is the earliest phenotypic manifestation of HH, preceding clinical manifestations of the disease?
Published	05/14/2025	what test is used to confirm dx of HH?
Published	05/14/2025	Do individuals who are heterozygous for the HFE mutation (hemochromatosis) experience clinical manifestations?
Published	05/14/2025	is it reasonable to screen all adult patients with any family history of iron overliad or signs and symptoms of hemochromatosis?
Published	05/14/2025	what confirms dx of cirrhosis or HH?
Published	05/14/2025	treatment for hemochromatosis
Published	05/14/2025	Clinical manifestations of lynch syndrome/FAP
Published	05/14/2025	can individuals with FAP be asymptomatic?
Published	05/15/2025	Where are upper GI bleedings typically located?
Published	05/15/2025	Upper GI bleeding S/S
Published	05/15/2025	Where are lower GI bleeds located?
Published	05/15/2025	Lower GI bleed S/S
Published	05/15/2025	Causes of Upper GI bleeds
Published	05/15/2025	Causes of Lower GI bleed
Published	05/15/2025	Describe the hemodynamic response in acute GI bleeds
Published	05/15/2025	What baroreceptor sympathetic nerves (CNs) are activated in the hemodynamic response of acute bleeding?
Published	05/15/2025	The {{c1::hemodynamic}} response in acute GI bleed depends on % of blood lossIf 10-20% blood loss = {{c1::tachycardia, dec BP}}30-40% blood loss = {{c…
Published	05/15/2025	In acute GI bleed, there is {{c1::reduced}} cardiac output --> poor {{c1::perfusion}} --> {{c1::anaerobic respiration}} --> elevated {{c1::la…
Published	05/15/2025	What are the effects of chronic GI bleeding?
Published	05/22/2025	What are acinar cells? What do they produce?
Published	05/22/2025	Where are zymogens activated?
Published	05/22/2025	List the zymogens
Published	05/22/2025	How many liters of pancreatic juice is produced daily?
Published	05/22/2025	Explain how zymogens become activated
Published	05/22/2025	The basic pathophysiology of pancreatitis is characterized by {{c1::early activation}} of zymogens and trypsinogen {{c1::BEFORE leaving the}} pancreas…
Published	05/22/2025	{{c1::Gallstones}} are the leading cause of pancreatitis and {{c1::alcohol abuse}} is the second leading cause
Published	05/22/2025	What are other causes (besides gallstone and alcohol abuse) that can cause acute pancreatitis?
Published	05/22/2025	Explain how alcohol abuse leads to pancreatitis
Published	05/22/2025	Explain how gallstones lead to pancreatitis
Published	05/22/2025	Explain the pathophys of the "other" causes to pancreatitis
Published	05/22/2025	What is a pseudocyst?
Published	05/22/2025	In chronic pancreatitis, there is irreversible {{c1::structural}} damage to the pancreas such as {{c1::fibrosis}}, {{c1::atrophy}}, and/or {{c1::calci…
Published	05/22/2025	Chronic pancreatitis etiology
Published	05/22/2025	Explain the pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis
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