Notes in S19 Basic Histology TBL #2

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Published	06/22/2023	Granulosa lutein cells secrete {{c1::progesterone}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::secondary follicle}} stage of ovarian follicle development is characterized by an initial period of follicular fluid accumulation.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Luteinizing hormone}} is primarily responsible for inducing ovulation.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Corpora albicans}} resemble large collagenous scars however {{c1::atretic}} follicles do not.
Published	06/22/2023	Endometrial glands are typically most fully developed and filled with product during days {{c1::15-28}} of the menstrual cycle.
Published	06/22/2023	The endometriums basal layer contains cells that {{c1::replace the surface epithelium}} after menstruation while the {{c1::functional}} layer does not…
Published	06/22/2023	Most lipid in milk is released from cells via {{c1::apocrine secretion}}.
Published	06/22/2023	Fertilization typically occurs in the {{c1::ampulla}} region with highly {{c1::folded mucosa}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The normally low pH in the vagina is maintained by {{c1::bacterial metabolism of glycogen}} to produce an {{c1::organic acid}}.
Published	06/22/2023	Spermiogenesis involves {{c1::cytodifferentiation}} of early {{c1::spermatids}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The interstitial cells of Leydig function to {{c2::produce testosterone}} which means they have an abundance of {{c1::smooth ER}}.
Published	06/22/2023	Within the male reproductive tract, stereocilia project from cells lining the {{c1::epididymis}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Sertoli cells}} in the male reproductive system contain many tight junctions.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Efferent ductules}} connect the testis to the epididymis.
Published	06/22/2023	The ovaries produce female {{c1::germ cells}} and {{c1::steroid hormones}}.
Published	06/22/2023	Fallopia tubes are the site for {{c1::fertilization}} of ova.
Published	06/22/2023	The paired ovaries each have an outer {{c1::cortex}} containing hundreds of {{c1::ovarian follicles}} and an inner {{c1::medulla}} of {{c1::dense conn…
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::tunica albuginea}} is an outer layer of connective tissue surrounding the ovarian cortex.
Published	06/22/2023	Before puberty all follicles are {{c1::primordial follicles}} with each having one {{c1::primary oocyte}} and arrested in meiotic {{c1::prophase I}} a…
Published	06/22/2023	What are the 5 stages of ovarian follicles?
Published	06/22/2023	{{c2::Granulosa cells}} are large epithelial cells surrounding an enlarging {{c1::primary oocyte}} developing from a {{c1::primary follicle}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c2::zona pellucida}} is a thin layer between the {{c1::oocyte}} and {{c1::granulosa cells}}. It contains {{c1::ZO protiens}} (glycoproteins) to …
Published	06/22/2023	{{c2::Vesicular follicles}} {{c1::(antral follicles)}} are larger and have developed fluid filled spaces among their granulosa cells. The growing oocy…
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Mesenchymal cells}} form the {{c2::vascular}} {{c1::theca interna}} and {{c2::fibrous}} {{c1::theca externa}} with smooth muscle cells as the pr…
Published	06/22/2023	Endocrine cells of the {{c1::theca interna}} secrete both {{c1::progesterone}} and {{c1::estrogen}} precursors.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c2::Granulosa cells}} convert {{c1::estrogen}} precursors in to {{c1::estrogen}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Graafian}} follicles have a large antrum filled with fluid with a primary oocyte enclosed by granulosa cells of the {{c1::cumulus oophorus}}.&nb…
Published	06/22/2023	Every month, one {{c1::graafian}} follicle becomes a {{c1::dominant}} follicle and undergoes {{c1::ovulation}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Atresia}} is the arrest and degeneration via apoptosis of developing follicles not destined to become the dominant follicle.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Ovulation}} is the movement of a very large, dominant {{c2::graafian}} follicle to the ovary surface to form a bulge, completion of {{c2::meiosi…
Published	06/22/2023	The second step of ovulation is the rupture of the follicle, release of the {{c1::secondary}} oocyte arrested in {{c1::metaphase II}}, and release of …
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::corpus luteum}} is formed after ovulation from the cells of the granulosa and thecal layers left over. These are reorganized due to {{c1::lu…
Published	06/22/2023	The corpus luteum is composed of the {{c1::granulosa lutein}} cells (which produce {{c2::progesterone}}) and the {{c1::theca lutein}} cells (which pro…
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::corpus albicans}} is a collagen filled region left behind approx {{c1::2 weeks}} after ovulation when the {{c1::corpus luteum}} degenerates.
Published	06/22/2023	Ovulated {{c1::secondary}} oocyte enters the open {{c1::infundibulum}} of the uterine tube and enters the {{c1::ampulla}} region. It is then either {{…
Published	06/22/2023	Initial fertilization involves sperm {{c1::capacitation}} in the {{c1::oviduct}} and {{c1::acrosomal}} activation. Sperm penetrates the {{c1::corona r…
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::oviduct mucosa}} is {{c2::highly folded}} in the {{c1::ampulla}} region lined by {{c1::simple columnar epithelium}} {{c2::ciliated}} cells a…
Published	06/22/2023	The thick {{c1::oviduct musclaris}} is mainly responsible for {{c2::moving developing embryo to uterus}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c2::endometrium}} is the {{c1::uterine mucosa}}. It is lined by {{c3::simple columnar epithelium}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::stratum basalis}} is between the functional layer and the {{c1::myometrium}}. It is a {{c2::vascular}} connective tissue lacking {{c2::fat}}…
Published	06/22/2023	If no embryo implants in the functional layer, the {{c1::corpus luteum}} degenerates causing the collapse of {{c1::progesterone}} dependent {{c2::spir…
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::spiral}} arteries provide blood to the {{c1::functional}} layer of the endometrium. They are sensitive to {{c1::progesterone}} and have many…
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::straight}} arteries provide blood to the {{c2::basal}} layer in the endometrium.
Published	06/22/2023	There are is a peak in {{c1::FSH}}, {{c1::LH}}, and {{c1::estrogen}} to initiate ovulation.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Progesterone}} peaks during the {{c2::luteal}} phase just before the degeneration of the {{c1::corpus luteum}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::amnion}}, {{c1::chorion}}, and {{c1::yolk sac}} appear during the {{c2::second}} week of development.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::decidua}} develops after {{c2::implantation}} due to changes in the endometrium. It has 3 different regions: {{c1::decidua basalis}}, {…
Published	06/22/2023	Placental exchange of {{c1::nutrients, waste, and gas}} occurs between {{c2::fetal}} blood in the {{c2::chorionic villi}} and {{c2::maternal}} blood b…
Published	06/22/2023	The mucosa of the vagina is lined by {{c1::stratified squamous epithelium}} surrounded by a {{c2::muscularis}}.
Published	06/22/2023	In the fallopian tubes, nonciliated {{c2::secretory cells}} are named {{c1::peg cells}}, because they bulge above the surface and appear to insert int…
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::testes}} contain {{c2::seminiferous tubules}} which produce {{c1::spermatozoa}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Leydig cells}} produce {{c2::testosterone}}.
Published	06/22/2023	What is the path of sperm from production to exit?
Published	06/22/2023	Accessory glands of the male reproductive tract include 2 {{c1::seminal vesicles}}, the {{c1::prostate gland}}, and paired {{c1::bulbourethral glands}…
Published	06/22/2023	Semen is made of {{c1::spermatozoa}} and {{c1::secretions}} of the {{c1::accessory glands}}.
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Seminiferous tubules}} consist of sperm producing epithelium with columnar {{c1::Sertoli cells}}. {{c1::Sertoli cells}} support and nourish germ…
Published	06/22/2023	Tight junctions between Sertoli cells set up a {{c1::basal compartment}} ({{c2::spermatogonia}}) and an {{c1::adluminal compartment}} ({{c2::spermatoc…
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Sertoli cells}} produce {{c2::androgen binding protein}} to {{c3::concentrate testosterone}}, {{c3::phagocytose debris}} from differentiating sp…
Published	06/22/2023	{{c1::Spermatogonia}} undergo mitosis to become primary {{c1::spermatocytes}}.{{c1::Primary spermatocytes}} undergo first meiotic division to form {{c…
Published	06/22/2023	{{c2::Final maturation of sperm}} occurs in the {{c1::epididymis}}.
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c1::epididymis}} is lined by {{c2::pseudostratified columnar epithelium}} with {{c1::principal cells}} that have long {{c2::stereocilia}}. As yo…
Published	06/22/2023	The {{c2::vas deferens}} is lined by {{c1::pseudostratified columnar epithelium}} with 3 thick layers of {{c2::smooth muscle}}. It is the thickest {{c…
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