Notes in Unit_3

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Published	11/05/2024	development of the respiratory system begins around the {{c1::middle of the 4th week}} of embryogenesis
Published	11/05/2024	in the 4th week of embryogenesis the primitive pharynx is the {{c1::cranial most part}} of the foregut
Published	11/05/2024	the respiratory tract is formed form the {{c1::laryngeo-tracheal tube}} and {{c1::splanchnic mesoderm}} (found in embryonic life)
Published	11/05/2024	the laryngeio-tracheal tube is formed from the {{c1::laryngeio-tracheal groove}}
Published	11/05/2024	how does the laryngeio-tracheal groove form?
Published	11/05/2024	the 2 margins of the laryngeo-tracheal groove start fusing in the {{c1::caudo-cranial}} direction
Published	11/05/2024	fusion of the margins of the laryngeo-tracheal tube forms the {{c1::tracheo-esophageal septum}}
Published	11/05/2024	the tracheo-esophageal septum separates the primitive pharynx into {{c1::dorsal part (pharyx & esophagus)}} and {{c1::ventral part (laryngeo-trach…
Published	11/05/2024	what part of the respiratory tract is formed from the laryngeo-tracheal tube?
Published	11/05/2024	origin of tissue in lung which is NOT lining epithelium
Published	11/05/2024	the laryngeio-tracheal tube doesn't complete fusion at the {{c1::cranial}} (cranial/caudal) end
Published	11/05/2024	the connection between laryngeo-tracheal tube and pharynx is called the {{c1::laryngeal inlet (aditus to the larynx or laryngeal orifice)}}
Published	11/05/2024	the laryngeal inlet (in embryonic life) ends opposite a median elevation in floor of the {{c2::pharynx}} called {{c1::copula}}
Published	11/05/2024	the copula (in embryonic life) later gives the {{c1::epiglottis}}
Published	11/05/2024	how the shape of the laryngeal inlet (in embryonic life) change with development?
Published	11/05/2024	the laryngeal inlet (in embryonic life) is obliterated transiently between the {{c1::8th}} and {{c1::10th}} weeks of development
Published	11/05/2024	after the laryngeal inlet (in embryonic life) is obliterated transiently it's recanalized forming the {{c1::vocal cords (true & false)}}
Published	11/05/2024	the laryngeal epithelium is derived from {{c1::endoderm}} (epiderm / mesoderm / endoderm)
Published	11/05/2024	while the caudal end of the laryngeo-tracheal tube invades the mesoderm it divides into {{c1::2 lung buds}}
Published	11/05/2024	the lung buds form {{c1::main bronchi}}
Published	11/05/2024	the right lung bud is {{c1::wider and more vertical}} than the left
Published	11/05/2024	main bronchi (from lung buds) divide into {{c1::secondary (lobar bronchi)}}
Published	11/05/2024	in embryonic life, there are {{c1::3}} right lobar bronchi and {{c1::2}} left lobar bronchi
Published	11/05/2024	in embryonic life, each 2ry bronchi divide into {{c1::tertiary (segmental)}} bronchi
Published	11/05/2024	in embryonic life, fate of segmental bronchi
Published	11/05/2024	in embryonic life, repeated dichotomous division in lung forms {{c1::17}} orders of branches (ends with {{c1::terminal bronchioles}}) by the {{c2::6}}…
Published	11/05/2024	the lung keeps dividing  (into smaller branches) for up to {{c1::8}} years after birth
Published	11/05/2024	Total order of division reached in the lung (fully developed)
Published	11/05/2024	the lung buds invade the {{c1::intraembryonic coelom (the pericardio-peritoneal canal)}} (later forms pleura)
Published	11/05/2024	visceral pleura is derived from {{c1::splanchnic}} mesoderm
Published	11/05/2024	parietal pleura is derived from {{c1::somatic}} mesoderm
Published	11/05/2024	anaomalies in lung development
Published	11/05/2024	other rare anomalies in lung development (NOT main anomalies)
Published	11/05/2024	congenital surfactant deficiency is called {{c1::hyaline membrane disease (HMD)}}
Published	11/05/2024	hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is a major cause of {{c1::respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)}}
Published	11/05/2024	surfactant can be induced by {{c1::thyroxin}} and {{c1::cortisone}} (drugs)
Published	11/05/2024	there are {{c1::4}} varients of tracheo-esophagial fistula
Published	11/05/2024	most common varient tracheo-esophagial fistula
Published	11/05/2024	post-natal complications of most common of varient tracheo-esophagial fistula
Published	11/05/2024	pre-natal complications of most common varient tracheo-esophagial fistula
Published	11/05/2024	embryonic sources of diaphragm
Published	11/05/2024	after embryo folding the septum transversum grows {{c1::dorsally}} (separating heart from liver)
Published	11/05/2024	the septum transversum expands and fuses with {{c1::mesenchyme dorsal to esophagus}} and {{c1::pleuroperitoneal membrane}}
Published	11/05/2024	{{c1::a large part of the liver}} is embedded in the the septum transversum during early development
Published	11/05/2024	during the {{c2::4}}th week the septum transversum lies opposite to {{c1::3rd to 5th cervical}} somites
Published	11/05/2024	during the {{c1::5}}th week, myoblasts from somites migrate into diaphragm bringing nerve innervation
Published	11/05/2024	anomalies of the diaphragm
Published	11/05/2024	Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is usually {{c1::unilateral}} (unilateral/bilateral)
Published	11/05/2024	in Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) herniation from {{c1::abdominal}} cavity into {{c1::thoracic}} cavity occurs
Published	11/05/2024	why is Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) more common on left side
Published	11/05/2024	cause of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
Published	11/05/2024	site of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)  (anterior or posterior)? and (lateral or medial)?
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