Notes in 09 Vascular Ultrasound

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Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundThe doppler signal is proportional to {{c1::cos::trig function}}(θ)
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundMeasurements of Doppler Velocity should never be taken at an angle greater than {{c1::60}} degrees
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular Ultrasound{{c1::Peak Systolic Velocity}} is the most accurate method to evaluate the degree of {{c2::arterial stenosis…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundPeak Systolic Velocity may be {{c1::decreased::increased/decreased}} distal to a hemodynamically s…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundThere is no Doppler shift at {{c1::90}} degrees
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundPeak systolic velocity is {{c1::elevated/increased::change}} proximal to and at the site of stenosis.
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Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundOne way to compensate for arteries above vs. below the heart is to scale the colors so those {{c1::above}} t…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundOne way to compensate for arteries above vs. below the heart is to set all positive waveforms as going {{c1:…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundThe three components of the carotid artery exam are evaluation of {{c1::plaque}} morphology, {{c2:…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundCarotid plaque morphology is described in terms of {{c1::absolute percent stenosis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular Ultrasound<{{c1::50}}% cross-sectional area plaque in the carotid artery would not be expected to be hemodynam…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular Ultrasound>{{c2::50}}% luminal plaque in the carotid artery is expected to show an {{c1::elevation::elevation or de…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundNormal peak systolic velocity in large arteries like the carotid is {{c1::60-100::range}} cm/sec
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundPer Society if Radiologists in ultrasound (SRU) criteria, a peak systolic velocity greater than {{c1::125}}c…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundPer Society if Radiologists in ultrasound (SRU) criteria, a peak systolic velocity greater than {{c1::230}}c…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundIn addition to measuring peak systolic velocity in an artery, velocities are also measured at the end of {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundIn arteries, an end diastolic velocity of >{{c1::100}}cm/sec suggests a >{{c2::70}}% stenosis
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundAn {{c1::elevated::change}} ratio of {{c2::internal carotid}} artery to {{c2::common carotid}} art…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundA ratio of internal carotid to common carotid peak systolic velocity < {{c1::2}} is considered normal
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundA ratio of internal carotid to common carotid peak systolic velocity > {{c1::2}} suggests a > {{c2::50…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundA ratio of internal carotid to common carotid peak systolic velocity > {{c1::4}} suggests a > {{c2::70…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundIn {{c1::high}} and {{c1::low}} flow states, the internal carotid artery/common carotid artery peak sys…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundA vascular stenosis downstream/distal to the transducer will produce a spectral waveform with {{c1::high::hi…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundA vascular stenosis upstream/proximal to the transducer will produce a spectral waveform with {{c1::low::hig…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundVascular stenosis downstream/distal to the transducer will show {{c1::decreased::increased/decreased}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundIf the vascular stenosis is {{c1::downstream/distal::location}} to the transducer, the systolic upstroke will be …
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular Ultrasound{{c1::Spectral Broadening}} describes the widened distribution of RBC velocities due to disruption in laminar flo…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular Ultrasound{{c1::Aliasing}} is an artifact where high velocities are shown to have a {{c2::reversed::direction}} flow
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundStenosis {{c1::downstream/distal::location}} to the transducer is expected to show spectral broadening and a…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundStenosis located downstream of the transducer is expected to show {{c1::increased::decreased/increased}} dia…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundStenosis located {{c1::upstream}} to the transducer will produce the "{{c2::tardus et parvus}}" waveform
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundGiven this waveform, is the stenosis upstream or downstream from the probe?{{c1::downstream}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundGiven this waveform, is the stenosis upstream or downstream from the probe?{{c1::upstream}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundA peak systolic velocity of ≥{{c1::180}}cm/sec is consistent with renal artery stenosis
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundA renal artery to aortic velocity ratio of > {{c1::3.5}} is consistent with renal artery stenosis
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundA stenosis located downstream/distal to the probe is also known as an {{c1::outflow}} lesion
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundA stenosis located upstream/proximal to the probe is also known as an {{c1::inflow}} lesion
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular Ultrasound{{c1::Renal Resistive}} Index is calculated to help determine presense of renal artery stenosis
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundRenal Resistive Index is calculated as {{c1:: (PSV-EDV) / PSV}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundRenal resistive index is considered elevated at > {{c1::0.7}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundThe renal resistive index in the {{c2::segemental}} arteries of the {{c1::upper, mid, and lower}} poles
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundThe three parts of a {{c1::LE Venous U/S exam}} include {{c2::venous compression}}, {{c3::color}} and {{c3::…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular Ultrasound{{c1::Augmentation}} is the normal change in waveform when the calf is compressed
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular Ultrasound{{c1::Lack::Presence/Lack}} of augmentation suggests a {{c2::distal::proximal/distal}} venous obstruction be…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular Ultrasound{{c1::Respiratory Variation}} is the normal change in waveform when a patient inspires
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular Ultrasound{{c1::Lack::Presence/Lack}} of respiratory variation suggests a {{c2::proximal::location}} venous obstructio…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundIn a DVT scan, images are taken roughly every {{c1::2-3}} cm
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundThe hallmark sonographic finding of a DVT is a {{c1::non-compressable::compressable/non-compressable}} vein&…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundNormal color doppler flow in a non-compressable vein is suspicious for {{c1::non-obstructing thrombus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundEvaluation of a DVT clot's echogenicity {{c1::is::is/is not}} a reliable way to determine acuity of the clot
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundIn a patient without significant family or personal history, screening ultrasound for AAA is performed at age&nbs…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundIn a patient with significant family or personal history, screening ultrasound for AAA is performed at age {…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundAAA screening covers the aorta from {{c1::proximal aorta::location}} all the way to the {{c2::common il…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundPatency and presence of intraluminal thrombus in an AAA is best discovered using {{c1::color doppler::u/s se…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundIn evaluation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, color doppler images and/or spectral Doppler with waveform analysi…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundTransverse grayscale ultrasound of the infrarenal abdominal aorta shows extensive {{c1::mural thrombus::arrows&nb…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundWhat within the vein lumen can overlap with the clot causing it's echogenicity to be an unreliable way to determi…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundSonographic findings of chronic venous thrombus include:clot retraction and {{c1::poor visualization}} of th…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundNormal aortic and renal artery velocity is {{c1::60–100::range}} cm/sec.
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundEvalaution distal to carotid artery stenosis shows {{c1::parvus et tardus::waveform}}
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundIn high and low flow states, what is more useful than the absolute Peak Systolic Velocity in hemodynamic evaluati…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundThe differential diagnosis for increased Peak Systolic Velocity includes:{{c1::downstream stenosis…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundThe differential diagnosis for decreased Peak Systolic Velocity includes:{{c1::upstream stenosis}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Vascular Imaging: Vascular UltrasoundCarotid artery plaque morphology is evaluated using {{c1::grayscale}} imaging {{c1::with::with/without}} Dop…
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