Notes in 02 ANATOMY: Leg, Knee, Foot, and Ankle

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/19/2024	The {{c1::anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)}} extends from the {{c2::lateral femoral condyle}} to the {{c3::anterior tibia}}
Published	01/19/2024	The {{c3::posterior drawer}} test is performed with the knee at a(n) {{c1::90}} degree angle to test for {{c2::PCL injury}}
Published	01/19/2024	A positive posterior drawer sign shows increased {{c1::posterior gliding}} of the {{c1::tibia}}
Published	01/19/2024	Especially strong forces in a low ankle sprain can cause {{c1::joint instability}} by injuring additional ligaments
Published	01/19/2024	The Achilles tendon is formed from the {{c1::soleus}} and {{c1::gastrocnemius}} muscles and acts in {{c2::plantar flexion}}
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Published	01/19/2024	A positive {{c1::Thompson test}} is when there is lack of {{c2::plantar flexion}} when the {{c3::calf}} is squeezed
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c1::unhappy triad}} describes a {{c2::knee}} injury affecting the {{c3::ACL, MCL, and lateral/medial meniscus}}
Published	01/22/2024	Taking {{c1::quinolone antibiotics::medicine}} increase the risk of {{c2::calcaneal (achilles)}} tendon rupture
Published	01/22/2024	Leg myotome dance (actions):{{c1::L2, L3}} = {{c2::"bend the knee" (flex hip)}}{{c1::L3, L4}} = {{c2::"kick the door" (extend knee)}}{{c1::L4, L5}} = …
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Published	01/22/2024	If a fracture occurs at an angle then it is {{c1::oblique}}
Published	01/22/2024	A {{c1::comminuted}} fracture has small bone fragments present
Published	01/22/2024	Fibular fractures typically occur at the {{c1::distal}} end
Published	01/22/2024	{{c2::Fibular}} fractures are associated with {{c1::ankle joint injuries}}
Published	01/22/2024	{{c1::Compound}} fractures break through the skin
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c2::popliteal}} fossa is borderd by:-{{c1::Biceps femoris}}-{{c1::Semimembranosus}}-{{c1::Semitendinosus}}-{{c1::Gastrocnemius}}
Published	01/22/2024	The popliteal fossa contains:-{{c2::Popliteal artery/veins}}-Bifurcation of {{c1::sciatic nerve}}-Lymph nodes
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c1::femoral}} artery changes name to the {{c1::popliteal}} artery when it passes through the {{c2::adductor hiatus}}
Published	01/22/2024	The knee joint has {{c1::3}} articulations
Published	01/22/2024	The knee joint {{c1::locks::action}} to {{c2::reduce energy required during standing::purpose}}
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c1::popliteus::muscle}} rotates the {{c2::femur::bone}} {{c3::laterally::direction}} on the {{c2::tibia::bone}} to help unlock the knee
Published	01/22/2024	{{c1::Prepateller bursitis}} is known as {{c2::housemaids knee}} and is caused by {{c3::extensive kneeling}}
Published	01/22/2024	{{c1::Bakers}} cysts are {{c2::synovial}}-lined cysts that arise in the {{c3::popliteal fossa}}
Published	01/22/2024	The major stabilizer of the knee is the {{c1::quadriceps femoris}}
Published	01/22/2024	The MCL is {{c1::attached::attached/not attached}} to the medial meniscus
Published	01/22/2024	The LCL is {{c1::not attached::attached/not attached}} to the lateral meniscus
Published	01/22/2024	The MCL {{c1::blends into::blends/separated}} the fibrous membrane of the knee
Published	01/22/2024	The LCL {{c1::is separated from::blends/separated}} the fibrous membrane of the knee
Published	01/22/2024	The fibrous layer of the knee joint is {{c1::thinner::thickness}} than that of the hip joint
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c2::ACL}} prevents {{c1::anterior}} displacement of the {{c1::tibia}}
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c2::PCL}} prevents {{c1::posterior}} displacement of the {{c1::tibia}}
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c2::ACL and PCL}} are located in the {{c1::intercondylar}} fossa
Published	01/22/2024	The menisci heal poorly because {{c1::they are mostly avascular}}
Published	01/22/2024	The menisci function as {{c1::shock absorbers}}
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c1::medial}} meniscus is {{c2::less::less/more}} mobile and therefore {{c2::more::less/more}} prone to damage
Published	01/22/2024	{{c1::Meniscal tears}} can be diagnosed with the {{c2::McMurray}} test
Published	01/22/2024	{{c1::MCL}} tears can be diagnosed with the {{c2::Valgus}} test
Published	01/22/2024	{{c1::LCL}} tears can be diagnosed with the {{c2::Varus}} test
Published	01/22/2024	The main function of the {{c1::anterior}} compartment of the leg is {{c2::dorsiflexion/extension}}
Published	01/22/2024	The main function of the {{c1::lateral}} compartment of the leg is {{c2::eversion}}
Published	01/22/2024	The main function of the {{c1::posterior}} compartment of the leg is {{c2::Plantarflexion/flexion}}
Published	01/22/2024	{{c4::Anterior}} compartment of the legInnervation: {{c2::Deep fibular n.}}Arterial supply: {{c3::Anterior tibial a.}}Muscles:-{{c1::Tibialis ant…
Published	01/22/2024	{{c4::Lateral}} compartment of the legInnervation: {{c2::Superficial fibular n.}}Arterial supply: {{c3::Fibular a.}}Muscles:-{{c1::Fibularis long…
Published	01/22/2024	{{c4::Posterior}} compartment of the legInnervation: {{c2::Tibial n.}}Arterial supply: {{c3::Posterior tibial a.}}Superficial muscles:-{{c1::Gast…
Published	01/22/2024	{{c2::Flexion}} of the ankle is also called {{c1::plantarflexion}}
Published	01/22/2024	{{c2::Extension}} of the ankle is also called {{c1::dorsiflexion}}
Published	01/22/2024	Tibialis anteriorFunction(s): {{c1::dorsiflexion, inversion}}Prox. Attach: TibiaDist. Attach: {{c3::Medial cuniform, first metatarsal}}
Published	01/22/2024	Extensor hallucis longusFunction(s): {{c1::Extend big toe and ankle}}Prox. Attach: Interosseus membraneDist. Attach: {{c3::Distal phalanx of great toe…
Published	01/22/2024	Extensor digitorum longusFunction(s): {{c1::Extend 2nd-4th toes and ankle}}Prox. Attach: Tibia/fibulaDist. Attach: {{c2::Distal phalanges of lateral 4…
Published	01/22/2024	Fibularis tertiusFunction(s): {{c1::dorsiflexion, eversion}}Prox. Attach: FibulaDist. Attach: {{c2::5th metatarsal}}
Published	01/22/2024	Fibularis longusFunction(s): {{c1::Eversion}}Prox. Attach: FibulaDist. Attach: {{c2::1st metatarsal, medial cuniform}}
Published	01/22/2024	Fibularis brevisFunction(s): {{c1::Eversion}}Prox. Attach: FibulaDist. Attach: {{c2::5th metatarsal tuberosity}}
Published	01/22/2024	GastrocnemiusFunction(s): {{c1::Flex ankle and knee}}Prox. Attach: FemurDist. Attach: {{c2::Calcaneus}}
Published	01/22/2024	PlantarisFunction(s): {{c1::Flex ankle and knee}}Prox. Attach: FemurDist. Attach: {{c2::Calcaneus}}
Published	01/22/2024	SoleusFunction(s): {{c1::Plantarflexion}}Prox. Attach: Tibia/fibulaDist. Attach: {{c2::Calcaneus}}
Published	01/22/2024	Flexor hallucis longusFunction(s): {{c1::Flex ankle and big toe}}Prox. Attach: Fibula, interosseus membraneDist. Attach: {{c2::Distal phalanx of big t…
Published	01/22/2024	Flexor digitorum longusFunction(s): {{c1::Flex lateral 4 toes and ankle}}Prox. Attach: TibiaDist. Attach: {{c2::Distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes}}
Published	01/22/2024	Tibialis posteriorFunction(s): {{c1::Plantarflexion and inversion}}Prox. Attach: Tibia, fibula, interosseus membraneDist. Attach: {{c2::Bottom of foot…
Published	01/22/2024	PopliteasFunction(s): {{c1::Unlock knee joint}}Prox. Attach: {{c2::Femur, lateral meniscus}}Dist. Attach: {{c3::Tibia}}
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c1::anterior}} compartment of the leg is particularly susceptible to {{c2::compartment syndrome}}
Published	01/22/2024	{{c1::Gastrocnemius and plantaris}} pass both the {{c2::ankle and knee}} joints
Published	01/22/2024	{{c1::Gastrocnemius}} and {{c1::soleus}} together are called the {{c2::triceps surae}}
Published	01/22/2024	{{c1::Calcaneal}} tendon ruptures occur during {{c2::push off::action}}
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c2::calcaneal}} tendon is commonly referred to as the {{c1::Achilles}} tendon
Published	01/22/2024	{{c1::Popliteas::muscle}} passes {{c3::deep}} to the {{c2::LCL::ligament}}
Published	01/22/2024	{{c2::Inversion::action}} of the foot occurs when {{c1::tibialis anterior and posterior::muscles}} contract simultaneously
Published	01/22/2024	There are two {{c1::tibial::tibial/fibular}} {{c2::arteries::nerves/arteries}} and two {{c1::fibular::tibial/fibular}} {{c2::nerves::nerves/arteries}}
Published	01/22/2024	The fibular artery branches off from the {{c1::posterior tibial}} artery
Published	01/22/2024	The {{c1::dorsalis pedis}} artery is a continuation of the {{c2::anterior tibial}} artery in the foot
Published	01/22/2024	Injury to the {{c1::common fibular}} nerve presents as {{c2::foot drop}}
Published	01/22/2024	Injury to the {{c2::tibial}} nerve presents as {{c1::inability to curl toes (or plantarflex) and foot eversion at rest}}
Published	01/22/2024	If you injure your {{c1::tibial}} nerve you will not be able to stand on your tip toes
Published	01/22/2024	{{c2::Steppage}} gate is a sign of {{c1::common fibular}} nerve damage
Published	01/22/2024	Injury to the {{c1::superficial fibular}} nerve would result in {{c2::inversion of the foot}}
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